Secondary cell wall biosynthesis

Zhong, Ruiqin; Cui, Dongtao; Ye, Zheng‐Hua

doi:10.1111/nph.15537

Cited by 247 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 234 publications

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“…In addition to lignin, the content of cell wall‐bound FA and p ‐CA was significantly affected by wind and MTs, with a consistent increase in p ‐CA. Most of the p ‐CA in grasses acylates lignin (Zhong, Cui, & Ye, ), but its functional role remains unknown. Cell wall sugars, in particular, glucose and galactose, were also affected: Glucose content increased as a result of mechanical stimulation while a varied response, depending on treatment and accession, was observed for galactose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical stimulation in Brachypodium distachyon: Implications for fitness, productivity, and cell wall properties

Gladala-Kostarz

Doonan

Bosch

2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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Mechanical stimulation, including exposure to wind, is a common environmental variable for plants. However, knowledge about the morphogenetic response of the grasses (Poaceae) to mechanical stimulation and impact on relevant agronomic traits is very limited. Two natural accessions of Brachypodium distachyon were exposed to wind and mechanical treatments. We surveyed a wide range of stem-related traits to determine the effect of the two treatments on plant growth, development, and stem biomass properties. Both treatments induced significant quantitative changes across multiple scales, from the whole plant down to cellular level. The two treatments resulted in shorter stems, reduced biomass, increased tissue rigidity, delayed flowering, and reduced seed yield in both accessions. Among changes in cell wallrelated features, a substantial increase in lignin content and pectin methylesterase activity was most notable. Mechanical stimulation also reduced the enzymatic sugar release from the cell wall, thus increasing biomass recalcitrance. Notably, treatments had a distinct and opposite effect on vascular bundle area in the two accessions, suggesting genetic variation in modulating these responses to mechanical stimulation.Our findings highlight that exposure of grasses to mechanical stimulation is a relevant environmental factor affecting multiple traits important for their utilization in food, feed, and bioenergy applications. K E Y W O R D S biomass, Brachypodium distachyon, cell wall, fitness, grasses, growth and development, mechanical stress, plant morphology, thigmomorphogenesis, wind

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical stimulation in Brachypodium distachyon: Implications for fitness, productivity, and cell wall properties

Gladala-Kostarz

Doonan

Bosch

2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…In some cell types, including tracheary elements and xylem fibres, a lignified secondary cell wall (SCW) is deposited within the primary wall after the completion of cell expansion. The SCW has distinct types of hemicellulose (xylan and glucomannan) and a minor amount of structural proteins and enzymes when compared to the PCW [5,6]. In addition, in the SCW, the differential angle of cellulose microfibrils with respect to the long axis of a cell-a feature known as microfibril angle (MFA)-is well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cytoskeleton and Its Role in Determining Cellulose Microfibril Angle in Secondary Cell Walls of Woody Tree Species

Tobias

Spokevicius

McFarlane

et al. 2020

Plants

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Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular control of secondary cell wall (SCW) formation have shed light on molecular mechanisms that underpin domestication traits related to wood formation. One such trait is the cellulose microfibril angle (MFA), an important wood quality determinant that varies along tree developmental phases and in response to gravitational stimulus. The cytoskeleton, mainly composed of microtubules and actin filaments, collectively contribute to plant growth and development by participating in several cellular processes, including cellulose deposition. Studies in Arabidopsis have significantly aided our understanding of the roles of microtubules in xylem cell development during which correct SCW deposition and patterning are essential to provide structural support and allow for water transport. In contrast, studies relating to SCW formation in xylary elements performed in woody trees remain elusive. In combination, the data reviewed here suggest that the cytoskeleton plays important roles in determining the exact sites of cellulose deposition, overall SCW patterning and more specifically, the alignment and orientation of cellulose microfibrils. By relating the reviewed evidence to the process of wood formation, we present a model of microtubule participation in determining MFA in woody trees forming reaction wood (RW).

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“…literature reviews (McFarlane et al, 2014;Kumar and Turner, 2015;Turner and Kumar, 431! 2018;Polko and Kieber, 2019;Zhong et al, 2019). However, computational and genetic 432!…”

Section: !mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosidin20 Targets the Cellulose Synthase Catalytic Domain to Inhibit Cellulose Biosynthesis

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Plant Cell

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Short title: Endosidin20 targets cellulose synthaseOne sentence summary: The cellulose synthase inhibitor Endosidin20 is an excellent tool for manipulating cellulose synthesis in order to produce cellulose products with desired properties and to control weeds. ABSTRACTPlant cellulose is synthesized by rosette-structured cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes (CSCs). Each CSC is composed of multiple subunits of CESAs representing three different isoforms. Individual CESA proteins contain conserved catalytic domains for catalyzing cellulose synthesis, other domains such as plant-conserved sequences, and class-specific regions that are thought to facilitate complex assembly and CSC trafficking. Due to the current lack of atomic-resolution structures for plant CSCs or ! 2! CESAs, the molecular mechanism through which CESA catalyzes cellulose synthesis and whether its catalytic activity influences efficient CSC transport at the subcellular level remain unknown. Here, by performing chemical genetic analyses, biochemical assays, structural modeling, and molecular docking, we demonstrate that ES20 targets the catalytic site of CESA6 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Chemical genetic analysis revealed important amino acids that potentially participate in the catalytic activity of plant CESA6, in addition to previously identified conserved motifs across kingdoms. Using high spatiotemporal resolution live-cell imaging, we found that inhibiting the catalytic activity of CESA6 by ES20 treatment reduced the efficiency of CSC transport to the plasma membrane. Our results demonstrate that ES20 is a chemical inhibitor of CESA activity and trafficking that represents a powerful tool for studying cellulose synthesis in plants. SE (n = 18 ROI from 15 seedlings). N and O, ES20 increases the abundance of CSC at the Golgi. N, Representative images of Golgi-localized YFP-CESA6 and ManI-CFP after 0.1% DMSO (top) or 6 µM ES20 (bottom) treatment for 1 h. O, Quantification of integrated fluorescence intensity of Golgi-localized CSCs and ManI as described in (N). Data represent mean ± SE (n = 60 from 14 seedlings). Scale bars, 5 µm.

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Secondary cell wall biosynthesis

Cited by 247 publications

References 234 publications

Mechanical stimulation in Brachypodium distachyon: Implications for fitness, productivity, and cell wall properties

Mechanical stimulation in Brachypodium distachyon: Implications for fitness, productivity, and cell wall properties

The Cytoskeleton and Its Role in Determining Cellulose Microfibril Angle in Secondary Cell Walls of Woody Tree Species

Endosidin20 Targets the Cellulose Synthase Catalytic Domain to Inhibit Cellulose Biosynthesis

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