Secondary control of microgrids based on distributed cooperative control of multi‐agent systems

Bidram, Ali; Davoudi, Ali; Lewis, Frank L.; Qu, Zhihua

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2012.0576

Cited by 462 publications

(437 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This protocol has been applied previously in inverter-based microgrids to the problems of secondary frequency control [12], [29]- [31], as well as secondary voltage control [30]- [33]. In contrast to the approach of the present paper, the secondary voltage control scheme proposed in [30], [31] is designed to regulate all voltage amplitudes to a common reference value. As a consequence, this approach does, in general, not achieve reactive power sharing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Stability and Reactive Power Sharing in Inverter-Based Microgrids With Consensus-Based Distributed Voltage Control

Schiffer

Seel

Raisch

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol.

400

229

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Abstract-We propose a consensus-based distributed voltage control (DVC), which solves the problem of reactive power sharing in autonomous inverter-based microgrids with dominantly inductive power lines and arbitrary electrical topology. Opposed to other control strategies available thus far, the control presented here does guarantee a desired reactive power distribution in steady-state while only requiring distributed communication among inverters, i.e., no central computing nor communication unit is needed. For inductive impedance loads and under the assumption of small phase angle differences between the output voltages of the inverters, we prove that the choice of the control parameters uniquely determines the corresponding equilibrium point of the closed-loop voltage and reactive power dynamics. In addition, for the case of uniform time constants of the power measurement filters, a necessary and sufficient condition for local exponential stability of that equilibrium point is given. The compatibility of the DVC with the usual frequency droop control for inverters is shown and the performance of the proposed DVC is compared to the usual voltage droop control [1] via simulation of a microgrid based on the CIGRE (Conseil International des Grands Réseaux Electriques) benchmark medium voltage distribution network.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Stability and Reactive Power Sharing in Inverter-Based Microgrids With Consensus-Based Distributed Voltage Control

Schiffer

Seel

Raisch

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol.

400

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, we cannot come to this conclusion just by using the traditional first-order model in [27,28]. Then, combined with the analysis results in Equations (14) and (16), we can obtain that the equilibrium points of the system mean that the active power of each DG is allocated in inverse proportion to the droop coefficients, and the errors in each DG is 0 when the system works at the stable state.…”

Section: Active Power Controlmentioning

confidence: 98%

Adaptive Droop Control for Microgrids Based on the Synergetic Control of Multi-Agent Systems

Yu¹,

Ai²,

He³

et al. 2016

Energies

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Abstract:In this paper, a distributed synergetic control based on multi-agent systems is proposed to solve the problems of frequency and voltage errors, system stability and power sharing accuracy in the traditional droop control of microgrids. Starting with power flow equations, we build the secondary-order dynamic model of DG, which consists of three parts: (1) active power allocation; (2) active power-frequency; and (3) reactive power-voltage droop control. Considering time-delays in communication networks, a leaderless synergetic control algorithm is proposed to allocate the active power in inverse proportion to the droop coefficient, and the synergetic control with a virtual leader is proposed to control the system frequency and voltage to keep at the expected value. Besides, the direct Lyapunov method is introduced to verify the globally asymptotical stability. Moreover, the impacts of communication disturbance are also discussed from the aspects of control precision and system stability. Finally, based on a test microgrid, numerous cases are designed as illustration, and the simulation results validate the proposed method.

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“…Thus, the reactive power distribution based on consensus control of the reactive current can be transformed into the synchronization problem of the first-order linear multi-agent system [37]. Linearization of Equation (17) can be formulated as:…”

Section: Consensus Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Virtual Impedance Droop Control Based on Consensus Control of Reactive Current

et al. 2018

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It is difficult to achieve accurate distribution of reactive power based on conventional droop control due to the line impedance mismatch in an islanded microgrid. An adaptive virtual impendence method based on consensus control of reactive current is proposed in this paper. A distributed control structure without the central controller has been established. In this structure, each distributed generation unit (DG) is an independent agent, one-way communication is used between the adjacent DGs, and the reactive power sharing is equivalent to a problem of reactive power current consensus. It has been proven that the system is asymptotically stable under the proposed control strategy. When the adjacent DG's reactive power is not proportionally distributed, the current weight error term will generate a virtual impedance correction term through the proportional-integral controller based on the reactive current consensus control strategy, thus introducing adaptive virtual impedance to eliminate mismatches in output impedance between DGs. Reactive power auto-proportional distribution can be achieved without knowing the line impedance. At the same time, the power control loop is simplified and the virtual impedance compensation angle is employed to compensate the decreased reference voltage magnitude and varied phase angle due to the introduction of the virtual impedance, so the stability of the system can be improved. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed strategy are verified by modeling analysis and microgrid simulations.

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Secondary control of microgrids based on distributed cooperative control of multi‐agent systems

Cited by 462 publications

References 38 publications

Voltage Stability and Reactive Power Sharing in Inverter-Based Microgrids With Consensus-Based Distributed Voltage Control

Voltage Stability and Reactive Power Sharing in Inverter-Based Microgrids With Consensus-Based Distributed Voltage Control

Adaptive Droop Control for Microgrids Based on the Synergetic Control of Multi-Agent Systems

Adaptive Virtual Impedance Droop Control Based on Consensus Control of Reactive Current

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