Secondary Yaws: An Endemic Treponemal Infection

Satter, Elizabeth K.; Tokarz, Anna

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01184.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Some false-positive reactions may be due to the failure of the sorbent used in the tests to remove all cross-reacting group, genus, or family antibodies, e.g. in Lyme disease or yaws [25–27]. There are reports of the WHO from the 1950s that consider various areas of the Brazilian northeast, such as the southern part of Bahia state, endemic for yaws [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of serological markers and risk factors for bloodborne pathogens in Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil

et al. 2012

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of serological markers for HIV-1/2, HBV, HCV, Treponema cruzi and T. pallidum infections. The association of these infections with risk factors in a population from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil was also analysed. Of the 780 enrolled individuals, 545 (70%) were female and 235 (30%) were male. Seroprevalence of 0·8% (6/702), 1·3% (9/678), 1·5% (10/684), 3·5% (23/663) and 11·5% (77/668) for HIV-1/2, HBV, HCV, T. cruzi and T. pallidum infections, respectively, was observed. The seroprevalence of T. pallidum was higher in males 20% (43/210) than in females 7% (34/458) (P < 0·01). An association between age and seroprevalence for T. cruzi (P = 0·02) and T. pallidum (P < 0·01) was observed. HBsAg was associated with having tattoos (3/37 vs. 6/623, P = 0·01) and not having a steady sexual partner (5/141 vs. 4/473, P = 0·04), while anti-HIV-1/2 was associated with having tattoos (2/39 vs. 4/647, P = 0·04); however, larger studies are needed to categorically state the relationship of these risk factors with infectious agents. The prevalence of serological markers for HIV-1/2, HBV, HCV and T. cruzi was consistent with other studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of serological markers and risk factors for bloodborne pathogens in Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil

et al. 2012

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“…If direct methods are pursued, treponemes may be identified in a wet preparation of material obtained from early lesions by dark-field microscopy. Direct fluorescent antibody tests using anti-T. pallidum antibodies can distinguish pathogenic treponemal infections from saprophyte treponemes [53,54]. Microscopy, however, is impractical in the field and its sensitivity may be severely decreased if the bacterial load is low or viability of the treponemes is reduced by oral antibiotics or topical antiseptics [55].…”

Section: Direct Diagnostic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction: Advances in the Diagnosis of Endemic Treponematoses: Yaws, Bejel, and Pinta

Mitjà¹,

Šmajs²,

Bassat³

2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Improved understanding of the differential diagnosis of endemic treponematoses is needed to inform clinical practice and to ensure the best outcome for a new global initiative for the eradication of yaws, bejel, and pinta. Traditionally, the human treponematoses have been differentiated based upon their clinical manifestations and epidemiologic characteristics because the etiologic agents are indistinguishable in the laboratory. Serological tests are still considered standard laboratory methods for the diagnosis of endemic treponematoses and new rapid point-of-care treponemal tests have become available which are extremely useful in lowresource settings. In the past ten years, there has been an increasing effort to apply polymerase chain reaction to treponematoses and whole genome fingerprinting techniques have identified genetic signatures that can differentiate the existing treponemal strains; however, definitive diagnosis is also hampered by widespread unavailability of molecular diagnostics. We review the dilemmas in the diagnosis of endemic treponematoses, and advances in the discovery of new diagnostic tools. MethodsReferences for this review were identified through searches of PubMed and WHO databases from January 1, 1905 to January 1, 2013, by use of terms ''yaws,'' ''pian,'' ''bejel,'' ''pinta,'' ''carate,'' ''endemic Treponematoses,'' and ''Treponema pallidum.'' Many articles were identified through searches in the authors' personal files. Articles resulting from these searches and relevant references cited in those articles were reviewed. Articles published in English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese were included.

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“…These include Chagas disease, malaria, yaws, measles, scabies, lice, and leprosy [26,38,39]. These include Chagas disease, malaria, yaws, measles, scabies, lice, and leprosy [26,38,39].…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%