Secreted Non-Coding RNAs: Functional Impact on the Tumor Microenvironment and Clinical Relevance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Agostino, Silvia Di; Vahabi, Mahrou; Turco, Chiara; Fontemaggi, Giulia

doi:10.3390/ncrna8010005

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…HOTAIR is a well-studied lncRNA that has been reported to have a peculiar role also in TNBC. Indeed, it is a marker of TNBC metastases and correlated with poor survival and poor response to chemotherapy [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. It is involved in the reprograming of the chromatin state [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Long Non-coding Rnas In Tnbcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs as Pharmacological Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment

Palcau,

Brandi,

Mehterov

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Breast cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death among women worldwide. In particular, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive breast cancer subtype because it is characterized by the absence of molecular targets, thus making it an orphan type of malignancy. The discovery of new molecular druggable targets is mandatory to improve treatment success. In that context, non-coding RNAs represent an opportunity for modulation of cancer. They are RNA molecules with apparently no protein coding potential, which have been already demonstrated to play pivotal roles within cells, being involved in different processes, such as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, migration, and diseases, including cancer. Accordingly, they could be used as targets for future TNBC personalized therapy. Moreover, the peculiar characteristics of non-coding RNAs make them reliable biomarkers to monitor cancer treatment, thus, to monitor recurrence or chemoresistance, which are the most challenging aspects in TNBC. In the present review, we focused on the oncogenic or oncosuppressor role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) mostly involved in TNBC, highlighting their mode of action and depicting their potential role as a biomarker and/or as targets of new non-coding RNA-based therapeutics.

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Section: Long Non-coding Rnas In Tnbcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs as Pharmacological Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment

Palcau,

Brandi,

Mehterov

et al. 2023

Cancers

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show abstract

“…An interesting aspect of this relationship between the tumor microenvironment and ncRNAs is that it is a reciprocal relationship. If on the one hand, as described, the tumor microenvironment modulates the expression of ncRNAs, it is also true that circulating ncRNAs have the ability to strongly modulate the behavior of cells populating the tumor microenvironment, thereby remodeling the metastatic niche and eventually favoring carcinogenesis [ 250 ]. Indeed, carcinogenesis appears as a multistage process to which both exogenous and endogenous factors contribute [ 251 , 252 ].…”

Section: Analyzing Cernets For Diagnosis and Targeting Them For Thera...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ncRNAs as Tools in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment—The Way towards Personalized Medicine to Improve Patients’ Health

Piergentili

Basile

Nocella

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Although the first discovery of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) dates back to 1958, only in recent years has the complexity of the transcriptome started to be elucidated. However, its components are still under investigation and their identification is one of the challenges that scientists are presently facing. In addition, their function is still far from being fully understood. The non-coding portion of the genome is indeed the largest, both quantitatively and qualitatively. A large fraction of these ncRNAs have a regulatory role either in coding mRNAs or in other ncRNAs, creating an intracellular network of crossed interactions (competing endogenous RNA networks, or ceRNET) that fine-tune the gene expression in both health and disease. The alteration of the equilibrium among such interactions can be enough to cause a transition from health to disease, but the opposite is equally true, leading to the possibility of intervening based on these mechanisms to cure human conditions. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on these mechanisms, illustrating how they can be used for disease treatment, the current challenges and pitfalls, and the roles of environmental and lifestyle-related contributing factors, in addition to the ethical, legal, and social issues arising from their (improper) use.

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“…MicroRNAs are key regulators of all the hallmarks of cancer [ 37 , 38 ] and their role as potential biomarkers for breast cancer progression and therapy response has also been reviewed elsewhere [ 39 ]. However, we believe it is noteworthy to highlight the importance and the potential use of exosome-encapsulated miRNAs in the clinical setting.…”

Section: Clinically Validated Exosomal Mirnas As Biomarkers For Breas...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer-Delivered Exosomal miRNA as Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Metastasis Prediction: A Focus on Translational Research with Clinical Applicability

Baldasici

Pileczki

Cruceriu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Metastasis represents the most important cause of breast cancer-associated mortality. Even for early diagnosed stages, the risk of metastasis is significantly high and predicts a grim outcome for the patient. Nowadays, efforts are made for identifying blood-based biomarkers that could reliably distinguish patients with highly metastatic cancers in order to ensure a closer follow-up and a more personalized therapeutic method. Exosomes are nano vesicles secreted by cancer cells that can transport miRNAs, proteins, and other molecules and deliver them to recipient cells all over the body. Through this transfer, cancer cells modulate their microenvironment and facilitate the formation of the pre-metastatic niche, leading to sustained progression. Exosomal miRNAs have been extensively studied due to their promising potential as prognosis biomarkers for metastatic breast cancer. In this review, we tried to depict an overview of the existing literature regarding exosomal miRNAs that are already validated as potential biomarkers, and which could be immediately available for the clinic. Moreover, in the last section, we highlighted several miRNAs that have proven their function in preclinical studies and could be considered for clinical validation. Considering the lack of standard methods for evaluating exosomal miRNA, we also discussed the challenges and the technical aspects underlying this issue.

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Secreted Non-Coding RNAs: Functional Impact on the Tumor Microenvironment and Clinical Relevance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Cited by 16 publications

References 121 publications

Exploiting Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs as Pharmacological Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment

Exploiting Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs as Pharmacological Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment

Using ncRNAs as Tools in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment—The Way towards Personalized Medicine to Improve Patients’ Health

Breast Cancer-Delivered Exosomal miRNA as Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Metastasis Prediction: A Focus on Translational Research with Clinical Applicability

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