Secretion rate, buffer effect and number of lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans of whole saliva of cigarette smokers and non‐smokers

Heintze, U

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00894.x

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The findings of the present study corroborate with much of the previous reports in the literature suggesting that smoking increases the growth of some cariogenic bacteria. Heintz (1984) and Sakkit and Knunttila (1996) reported independently that there is an increased S. mutans and lactobacillus count in smokers compared with nonsmokers. It should be mentioned that some studies have shown that smoking decreases some oral bacteria, especially Neisseria species (Marsh & Martin, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some research indicated that smoking increases the growth of oral bacteria (Heintz, 1984;Vaananen et al, 1994), while others reported opposite findings (Ertel, Eng, & Smith, 1991;Marsh & Martin, 1999). Those authors who believed in the booster effect of smoking on the growth of S. mutans concluded that smoking increases the risk of dental caries (Lindemeyer, Baum, Hsu, & Going, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of cigarette smoke exposure on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis: An in vitro study

Zonuz

Rahmati

Mortazavi

et al. 2008

CNTR

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The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of cigarette smoke on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. The standard strains of S. mutans (ATCC 25175) and S. sanguis (ATCC 10556) were cultured on blood agar and incubated for 48 hr in three main environments: atmospheric air, carbon dioxide, and cigarette smoke. Kent gold 1(nicotine: 0.1 mg, tar: 1 mg), Kent lights (nicotine: 0.8 mg, tar: 9 mg) and Bahman (nicotine: 1 mg, tar: 13 mg) were the brands used in the present study. Afterwards, digital photographs of the colonies were taken and the diameter of colonies was measured. Data were analyzed using Post Hoc and General Linear Model statistical tests. Cigarette smoke and carbon dioxide environments significantly increased the growth of S. mutans. However, high nicotine/tar content cigarette smoke (Bahman) had the greatest impact on S. mutans and S. sanguis. The mutans/sanguis ratio, which was 0.71 in atmospheric air, increased to 1.07 in the presence of carbon dioxide. Kent gold 1, Kent lights, and Bahman demonstrated a mutans/sanguis ratio of 1, 0.84, and 0.98 respectively. In conclusion, it seems that the growth of S. sanguis and S. mutans is accelerated in the vicinity of cigarette smoke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cigarette smoke exposure on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis: An in vitro study

Zonuz

Rahmati

Mortazavi

et al. 2008

CNTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…On the one hand, Voelker et al showed that there is a significant relationship between smoking, a decreased pH of stimulated saliva as well as its buffering capability, and an increased risk of caries, where smoking has no effect on the Streptococcus mutans bacteria (main cavity-forming bacteria) (23). On the other hand, Heintze et al showed that the number of lactobacillus and S. mutans are higher in smokers’ saliva than non-smokers (24). Different studies have introduced smoking as a cause for tooth loss (17, 18, 25, 26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Health Status of HIV-Positive Patients and Related Variables in Southeast Iran

Saravani

Zehi

Kadeh

et al. 2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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BackgroundDifferent factors can be responsible for the increased prevalence of dental caries and missing teeth in HIV-positive patients.ObjectivesThis study evaluates dental health status and its relationship with social, behavioral, and medical factors in HIV-positive patients under the coverage of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in Southeast Iran.Patients and MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, the dental health status of 119 HIV-positive patients was assessed in accordance with WHO indices and included decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT). A questionnaire on different social, behavioral, and medical variables was filled out for every case and the relationship and correlation of the variables to dental health status were investigated using One-way ANOVA, the Kruskal Wallis test, the t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, and Pearson correlation.ResultsThe mean value of DMFT index was 11.87 ± 8.08, where the mean values of decayed and missing teeth were 8.42 ± 5.44 and 3.43 ± 4.07, respectively. DMFT index, decayed, and missing teeth correlated only with age (P < 0.0001, P = 0.009, P < 0.0001) and duration of HIV involvement (P = 0.004, P = 0.031, P = 0.007).ConclusionsThe dental health status of HIV-positive patients in this region was almost inappropriate. Most social, behavioral, and medical factors had no influence on dental health; only a correlation between dental health, age, and duration of HIV involvement was observed.

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“…In addition, it has immunological and bacteriostatic properties [35, 36]. Heintze [37] demonstrated that for cigarette smokers, the buffering capacity of saliva was substantially lower than nonsmokers and that the number of Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans was significantly higher in saliva of smokers than nonsmokers. The decrease in the buffering capacity of saliva and increase in the level of cariogenic bacteria result in high incidence of caries in smokers, which eventually leads to tooth loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Tooth Loss among Iranian Adults: Findings from a Large Community-Based Study

Khazaei

Keshteli

Feizi

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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Objectives. To investigate the prevalence of tooth loss and different prosthetic rehabilitations among Iranian adults, as well as the potential determinants of tooth loss. Methods. In a cross-sectional community-based study conducted among 8094 Iranian adults living in Isfahan province, a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess epidemiologic features of tooth loss. Results. Thirty-two percent of subjects had all their teeth, 58.6% had lost less than 6, and 7.2% of participants had lost more than 6 teeth. One hundred and sixty-nine individuals (2.2%) were edentulous. Among participants, 2.3% had single jaw removable partial denture, 3.6% had complete removable denture in both jaws, and 4.6% had fixed prosthesis. Others reported no prosthetic rehabilitation (89.5%). In the age subgroup analysis (≤35 and >35 years old) tooth loss was more prevalent among men than women (OR = 2.8 and 1.9, resp., P < 0.01). Also, in both age groups, current and former smokers had higher levels of tooth loss than nonsmokers (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, resp.). In addition, tooth loss was positively related to metabolic abnormality for age group >35 years (adjusted OR = 1.29, P < 0.01). Conclusions. Tooth loss is highly prevalent in Iranian adult population. Community programs promoting oral health for prevention of tooth loss should be considered taking into account its major determinants including lower educational level, male gender, smoking, and metabolic abnormality.

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Secretion rate, buffer effect and number of lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans of whole saliva of cigarette smokers and non‐smokers

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of cigarette smoke exposure on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis: An in vitro study

Effect of cigarette smoke exposure on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis: An in vitro study

Dental Health Status of HIV-Positive Patients and Related Variables in Southeast Iran

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Tooth Loss among Iranian Adults: Findings from a Large Community-Based Study

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