Secretory Phospholipases A 2 Are Secreted From Ciliated Cells and Increase Mucin and Eicosanoid Secretion From Goblet Cells

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Secretory phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 ) initiate the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, are increased in the airways of people with severe asthma, and induce mucin hypersecretion. We used IL-13-transformed, highly enriched goblet cells and differentiated (ciliary cellenriched) human bronchial epithelial cell culture to evaluate the relative contribution of ciliated and goblet cells to airway sPLA 2 generation and response. We wished to determine the primary source(s) of sPLA 2 and leukotrienes in human airway epithelial cells.

Aberrant epithelial remodeling with impairment of cilia architecture in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

“…Furthermore, airway goblet cells are proinflammatory effector cells which are able to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. These inflammatory mediators released from goblet cells may act in an autocrine and paracrine manner to enhance inflammation in diseases such as asthma and leading to airway goblet cell hyperplasia (20,21). Our findings therefore present pathological evidences to the current "vicious cycle hypothesis" in the development of bronchiectasis.…”

Airway Goblet Cells Secrete Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors

“…ALI ¼ air-liquid interface; bFGF ¼ basic fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF ¼ granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF ¼ granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; LOD ¼ limit of on goblet cells to contribute to mucus secretion and to cysteinyl leukotriene generation. 9 The data provide further support that airway goblet cells secrete cytokines as well as mucus and act as inflammatory effector cells in the airway.…”

“…23,24 We have able to culture human airway epithelium to 70% goblet cell purity, and we found differences in normally differentiated ciliated cells and in goblet cells from the same donor cultured in nearly identical conditions, suggesting that these results are related to the cell types. 9,10 One possible concern is that some of these responses could be a direct effect of exposure to IL-13 rather than a relation to the cell type. To address this concern, we exposed normally differentiated ciliated cells to 24 h of IL-13 and evaluated the cytokine response.…”

“…[6][7][8] We previously showed that IL-13 transforms normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells to a highly enriched goblet cell culture with MUC5AC protein covering the apical surface; cilia (but not mucin) is seen in NHBE cells grown without IL-13 supplementation. 9,10 The airway epithelium modulates inflammatory, immune, and regenerative responses to allergens, viruses, and environmental pollutants that contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Diverse mediators have been described in the airways of patients with asthma, which could be relevant to airway remodeling, but it is unknown how various stimuli or mediators of the inflammatory response are linked to the processes of airway remodeling in vivo.…”

Cell Culture Techniques: Corticosteroid Treatment in A549 Human Lung Epithelial Cell

“…They are used in a wide variety of research areas such as virology, cancer research, or immunology, and allow further studies of intracellular activity, intracellular flow, or cellular interactions [2]. In the study of respiratory diseases such as asthma, it is very common to find reports based on cell cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells [3], human T cells [4], or murine lung fibroblast [5], used to analyze the underlying mechanisms, as well as, the possible development of new therapeutic targets.…”