Secular changes in the waist, hips circumferences and selected associated indicators, among preschool children from Kraków (Poland), between 1983 and 2018

Kryst, Łukasz; Żegleń, Magdalena; Kowal, Małgorzata; Woronkowicz, Agnieszka

doi:10.1002/ajhb.23748

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Importantly, it has also been suggested in previous research, that waist circumference is a better predictor of the health consequences of fat accumulation in children compared to the Body Mass Index (BMI) (McCarthy et al, 2003). That is also in line with the results of a previous study carried out on the Polish pediatric population—also there it was noted that WHR is preferable to body mass index in assessing the risk associated with excess adiposity in the examined population (Kryst et al, 2022, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sexual dimorphism of adiposity and fat distribution among children and adolescents (8–18 year olds) from Poland

Żegleń,

Kryst,

Kowal

et al. 2024

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesThe study aimed to analyze the sexual dimorphism of total body fat [BF%] and fat distribution among 8–18 year olds from Poland.MethodsThe study included 2175 participants, divided into sex and age groups. Waist and hip circumferences, the thickness of six skinfolds, waist‐to‐hips ratio [WHR], the ratio of abdominal‐to‐suprailiac skinfolds, and the limb‐to‐trunk adiposity index were analyzed. Fat percentage were measured with a body composition analyzer (Tanita) with accuracy 0.1%. The Mollison's Index [MI] was used for calculating sexual dimorphism.ResultsThe value of MI for the WHR and its components (waist and hip circumferences) was negative (the boys were characterized by higher values of these parameters). The magnitude of the sex differences was lower in the younger age groups and the highest in the oldest groups. For adiposity [BF%], the average values were higher in females. In the younger age groups, girls had thicker skinfolds compared to boys, and this tendency was also observed in the older age groups, except for abdominal and suprailiac skinfolds. The values of the analyzed adiposity indicators also represented a tendency toward central allocation of fat tissue in boys.ConclusionsIn conclusion, sexual dimorphism of fat distribution and adiposity could be detected as early as 7 years of age. These differences can be identified using simple anthropometric methods, which are relatively cheap and easy to use, particularly in the field setting and large populations. The observation of changes in these features in children should be a recommended procedure aimed at early detection of overweight, obesity, as well as normal weight obesity or other metabolic disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sexual dimorphism of adiposity and fat distribution among children and adolescents (8–18 year olds) from Poland

Żegleń,

Kryst,

Kowal

et al. 2024

American J Hum Biol

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“…Furthermore, the waist and hips circumferences have been noted to be significant predictors of intra-abdominal adiposity [ 10 , 14 , 15 ]. It should be stressed that in a recent study carried out among Polish preschoolers, it was also observed that WHR was preferable to Body Mass Index in assessing the risk associated with excess adiposity [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Changes in the Waist Circumference and Selected Associated Indicators among Children and Adolescents from Kraków (Poland), between 1983 and 2020

Kryst

Żegleń

Badzińska

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The aim of the study was to examine the direction of the secular changes in the waist and hips circumferences, as well as selected associated body proportions, among children and adolescents from Kraków, Poland. The study group included 8–18-year-olds examined in three cross-sectional studies (1983, 2010, and 2020). The analyzed characteristics included body height, circumferences of the waist and hips, which were used to calculate Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR). There was a secular increase regarding the majority of the analyzed features, particularly for the younger children (i.e., prepubertal/early pubertal age). The trends were also especially evident when comparing the results of the 1983 series to the results of their peers examined in 2020. An opposite trend was noted in adolescent girls. The observed changes reflect the secular trend resulting from changes in body composition and fat distribution happening due to alterations in the lifestyle and socio-economic environment of the population over the years. It should also be stressed that the increase in the studied characteristics occurred mainly in younger children. This suggests that the observed changes may have resulted from a shift in the age of maturation and also from the personal and social motivators characteristic for late adolescence.

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“…In the case of older girls (8–15 years old), the prevalence of overweight and high body fat increased slightly. However, the opposite trend was observed in boys (Kryst et al, 2022a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Also, the trends in adiposity were mostly negative (Żegleń et al, 2020). Nevertheless, is worth noting that between the two most contemporary cohorts, despite the lower amount of adipose tissue in the youngest children and a smaller waist circumference, there was a tendency towards increased accumulation of abdominal fat tissue (Żegleń et al, 2022, Kryst et al, 2022a, 2022b). In the case of older girls (8–15 years old), the prevalence of overweight and high body fat increased slightly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body height, weight, and Body Mass Index – magnitude and pace of secular changes in children and adolescents from Kraków (Poland) between 1983 and 2020

Kryst

Żegleń

Woronkowicz

et al. 2022

American J Hum Biol

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Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence and pace of secular trends regarding body height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) among children and adolescents from Kraków (Poland) examined in 1983, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Methods The study group consisted of 17 407 individuals (8650 girls and 8757 boys) aged 3–18 included in four cross‐sectional studies conducted in 1983, 2000, 2010, and 2020.Analyzed anthropometric characteristics included body height (measured according to Martin's technique, with an anthropometer) and body weight. BMI was calculated as follows: body weight (kg)/body height2 (m). Results Results of the current study suggest that there was a cessation of previously observed secular increase of the body height in the examined population in the recent decade. Additionally, secular changes regarding body height, body mass, and BMI occurred noticeably slower in the recent decade compared to the previous years. Conclusions In conclusion, the rapid increase of body height in the years 1983–2000 and later secular increase of the body mass and BMI in 2000–2010 were probably associated mainly with significant socio‐economic progress of the country. On the other hand, deceleration of those trends in 2010–2020, especially in regards to body height, may be associated with reaching the maximum genetically attainable body height in the examined population.

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Secular changes in the waist, hips circumferences and selected associated indicators, among preschool children from Kraków (Poland), between 1983 and 2018

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Sexual dimorphism of adiposity and fat distribution among children and adolescents (8–18 year olds) from Poland

Sexual dimorphism of adiposity and fat distribution among children and adolescents (8–18 year olds) from Poland

Intergenerational Changes in the Waist Circumference and Selected Associated Indicators among Children and Adolescents from Kraków (Poland), between 1983 and 2020

Body height, weight, and Body Mass Index – magnitude and pace of secular changes in children and adolescents from Kraków (Poland) between 1983 and 2020

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