Secured Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs)

Abstract

A Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is prone to attacks. Adversaries take hold of the network, thus degrading their performance. Various attacks are prevalent in MANET, out of which Byzantine attack plays a vital role. A node or group of nodes present in the routing path between the source and the destination may be compromised due to Byzantine attack. In this paper, Cohen Kappa Reliability Coefficient based Mitigation (CKRCM) mechanism is proposed to deal with these attacks. The intermediate nodes are monitored by their neighbors for a timestamp. If the monitoring node does not receive an acknowledgment, then the nodes are perceived to be attacked. The trustworthiness of the nodes is built by computing the trusts and reliabilities of the nodes. It is seen that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme in terms of Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Packet Loss Ratio (PLR).

Harris Hawk Optimization Algorithm‐based Effective Localization of Non‐Line‐of‐Sight Nodes for Reliable Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

“…The simulation experiments of the proposed HHOA‐NLOS‐LS are conducted using EstiNet 8.1 network simulator in order to investigate its predominance over the benchmarked schemes used for comparison 27‐33 . The network simulator EstiNet 8.1 is used for simulating the proposed HHOA‐NLOS‐LS, since it is the world‐renowned tool that is a commercial version of the NCTUns network simulator and acts as an emulator.…”

“…The simulation experiments of the proposed HHOA-NLOS-LS are conducted using EstiNet 8.1 network simulator in order to investigate its predominance over the benchmarked schemes used for comparison. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The network simulator EstiNet 8.1 is used for simulating the proposed HHOA-NLOS-LS, since it is the world-renowned tool that is a commercial version of the NCTUns network simulator and acts as an emulator. EstiNet simulator facilitates vital capabilities that include realistic distance based vehicle movement and optimally enhanced IEEE 802.11p/1609 VANET network simulation of the road for VANET.…”