Securing Water and Wastewater Systems

Clark, Robert M.; Hakim, Simon

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01092-2

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…Pakistan, and much of Africa (Jin et al, 2015b; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development, 2009;Roca et al, 2015;Tularam & Illahee, 2008;Tularam & Marchisella, 2014;Wild, Francke, Menzli, & Schon, 2007).…”

Section: Public Interest Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water covers about two-thirds of the earth's surface (Roca & Tularam, 2012;Tularam & Marchisella, 2014). Recent statistics suggest that more than 2.6 billion people of the world are living with lack of adequate water for drinking (Jin, Roca, Li, Wong, & Cheung, 2015a;Roca, Tularam, & Reza, 2015;Tularam & Marchisella, 2014) and the number has been increasing daily in that 3.9 billion persons could be reached by 2030 (Jin, Li, Roca, & Wong, 2015b; Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008;Roca et al, 2015). Presently, more than one billion people are in acute drinking water availability problems in many developing countries including Bangladesh,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water exchange traded funds: A study on idiosyncratic risk using Markov switching analysis

Tularam

Reza

2016

Cogent Economics & Finance

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Abstract:We investigate the relationship between idiosyncratic risk and return among four water exchange traded funds-PowerShares Water Resources Portfolio, Power Shares Global Water, First Trust ISE Water Index Fund, and Guggenheim S&P Global Water Index ETF using the Markov switching model for the period 2007-2015. The generated transition probabilities in this paper show that there is a high and low probability of switching between Regimes 1 and 3, respectively. Moreover, we find that the idiosyncratic risk for most of the exchange traded funds move from low volatility (Regime 2) to very low volatility (Regime 1 and 3). Our study also identify that the beta coefficients are positive and entire values are less than 1. Thus, it seems that water investment has a lower systematic risk and a positive effect on the water exchange traded index funds returns during different regimes.

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