Security Analysis of Bit plane Level Image Encryption Schemes

Ratan, Ram; Yadav, Arvind Kumar

doi:10.14429/dsj.71.15643

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Equation ( 13) shows the normalized mean square error, where f stands for the pre compressed image; f ′ indicates the compressed image, and M and N stand for the size of the image. The degree of IE can also be measured by the peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as shown in Equation ( 14) [20].…”

Section: Number Of Input Transformations Matrix Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Encryption Technology Based on Fractal Image Compression Algorithm

2024

JCSANDM

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As the most commonly used information transmission method, digital images often store a large amount of personal information. To prevent information leakage, encrypting images is essential. Common image encryption techniques suffer from certain limitations, such as overly simple encryption methods and long encryption times. In response to the above issues, this study proposes the Frobenius canonical form image encryption scheme. It calculates the fractal code through the fractal compression algorithm and to encrypt the image, it adjusts the brightness coefficient in the fractal code. To address unsatisfactory correlation coefficients in encrypted images, the Frobenius canonical form image encryption is improved by introducing the Arnold transformation encryption, which combines the two methods to reduce correlation coefficients. Finally, the knight tour algorithm is put forward. In response to the long image scrambling time in the knight tour algorithm, the Tetragonal theorem is combined with the scheme to encrypt the image. It is then re-encrypted using the Frobenius canonical form. The experimental findings illustrate that when using Frobenius canonical form, Arnold transformation combined with Frobenius canonical form, and the tetragonal algorithm combined with knight tour algorithm to encrypt Lena images, the three decryption methods correspond to image similarity of over 70%, over 80%, and over 90%, respectively. Combining the tetragonal algorithm and the knight tour algorithm can significantly increase the security of image encryption.

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Section: Number Of Input Transformations Matrix Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Encryption Technology Based on Fractal Image Compression Algorithm

2024

JCSANDM

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“…Table 5 shows the results of the maximum deviation for the proposed encryption method and other existing algorithms. By comparing the average values of the largest differences between the images, it can be determined that the proposed encryption algorithm and the methods mentioned in [66,67] are better than other comparable encryption methods. This means that the amount of deviation in the proposed encryption method does not give away any important information about the encryption's strength.…”

Section: Maximum Deviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing High-Resolution Images From Unmanned Aerial Vehicles With DNA Encoding and Bit-Plane Extraction Method

et al. 2023

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are getting more popular for deployment in surveillance related operations owing to their flexibility and ability to reach hazardous areas. Moreover, the quality of digital cameras is getting better, and they can capture and store more visual information in high-resolution images. Unfortunately, due to the resource-constrained nature of UAVs, storing such large images can exhaust memory and related resources; whereas, the transmission of these images over the public link can pose several security threats. Securing these critical images during transmission from unauthorized access can be achieved through the use of efficient encryption techniques. This article proposes a novel encryption scheme incorporating both confusion and diffusion for encrypting both grey-scale and color images. In the proposed-encryption scheme, the image blocks are rearranged using a combination of random permutation, rotation, DNA encoding and zigzag pattern. Next, a bit-plane extraction method is used to obtain eight different bit-planes, including the most and least significant ones, from the scrambled image. These extracted bit-planes are then processed using confusion and diffusion techniques with a secret key, which is created using a hyper-chaotic map. The proposed method for encrypting the images taken by unmanned ariel vehicles is evaluated by examining its security level and time complexity using evaluation metrics such as correlation, entropy, energy, histogram analysis, keyspace and key sensitivity. The results and analysis demonstrated that the proposed encryption algorithm is able to effectively secure digital images. Additionally, the proposed work is also found to be superior to existing methods when compared using statistical security metrics.INDEX TERMS Unmanned aerial vehicles, chaos theory, cyberattacks, DNA encoding

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“…Refs. [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] shows some typical methods for cracking cryptosystems based on scrambling-diffusion structures. To solve the problems of low-density sensitivity and plaintext sensitivity, researchers have proposed some image encryption schemes related to plaintext in recent years [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Encryption and Decryption Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Cascaded Modulation Chaotic System and Block-Scrambling-Diffusion

Wang

Xia

et al. 2022

Entropy

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To address the problem of a poor security image encryption algorithm based on a single chaotic map, this paper proposes a cascade modulation chaotic system (CMCS) that can generate multiple chaotic maps. On this basis, a multi-image encryption algorithm with block-scrambling-diffusion is proposed using CMCS. The algorithm makes full use of the features of CMCS to achieve the effect of one encryption at a time for images. Firstly, the key-value associated with the plaintexts is generated using a secure hash algorithm-512 (SHA-512) operation and random sequence, and the three images are fully confused by the double scrambling mechanism. Secondly, the scrambled image is converted into a bit-level matrix, and the pixel values are evenly distributed using the bit-group diffusion. Finally, the non-sequence diffusion of hexadecimal addition and subtraction rules is used to improve the security of the encryption algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the encryption algorithm proposed in this paper has a good encryption effect and can resist various attacks.

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Security Analysis of Bit plane Level Image Encryption Schemes

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Image Encryption Technology Based on Fractal Image Compression Algorithm

Image Encryption Technology Based on Fractal Image Compression Algorithm

Securing High-Resolution Images From Unmanned Aerial Vehicles With DNA Encoding and Bit-Plane Extraction Method

Multi-Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Cascaded Modulation Chaotic System and Block-Scrambling-Diffusion

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