Security and Privacy in Smart Farming: Challenges and Opportunities

Gupta, Maanak; Abdelsalam, Mahmoud; Khorsandroo, Sajad; Mittal, Sudip

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975142

Cited by 361 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…This trend is driven by the major concerns in several important aspects, i.e. food contamination and fraud issues [40], data security and safety in smart farming [41] and IoT based precision agriculture [3], trust and efficiency issues in financial transactions in the agricultural supply chain [42] and data transparency and integrity of agriculture related information management systems [43]. The regulation and governance seek for more innovations on adopting blockchain techniques to achieve better data transparency and accountability with flexible, costly and sustainable solutions.…”

Section: Blockchain Applications In Agricultural Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Technology in Current Agricultural Systems: From Techniques to Applications

et al. 2020

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Increasingly, blockchain technology is attracting significant attentions in various agricultural applications. These applications could satisfy the diverse needs in the ecosystem of agricultural products, e.g., increasing transparency of food safety and IoT based food quality control, provenance traceability, improvement of contract exchanges, and transactions efficiency. As multiple untrusted parties, including small-scale farmers, food processors, logistic companies, distributors and retailers, are involved into the complex farm-to-fork pipeline, it becomes vital to achieve optimal trade-off between efficiency and integrity of the agricultural management systems as required in contexts. In this paper, we provide a survey to study both techniques and applications of blockchain technology used in the agricultural sector. First, the technical elements, including data structure, cryptographic methods, and consensus mechanisms are explained in detail. Secondly, the existing agricultural blockchain applications are categorized and reviewed to demonstrate the use of the blockchain techniques. In addition, the popular platforms and smart contract are provided to show how practitioners use them to develop these agricultural applications. Thirdly, we identify the key challenges in many prospective agricultural systems, and discuss the efforts and potential solutions to tackle these problems. Further, we conduct an improved food supply chain in the post COVID-19 pandemic economy as an illustration to demonstrate an effective use of blockchain technology. INDEX TERMS Blockchain technology, agricultural applications, food supply chains management, data integrity, traceability.

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Section: Blockchain Applications In Agricultural Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Technology in Current Agricultural Systems: From Techniques to Applications

et al. 2020

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“…Possible results can be the data breach/loss and/or alternation, service unavailability, loss of devices connectivity or even smart farming agriculture system corruption and/or destruction. [62,79,[99][100][101] Non-Repudiation…”

Section: Privacy Physical Attack Replay Attack Masquerade Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The repudiation of information allows an attacker to repudiate all the power consumption, generated information and production processes of an agriculture ICT system, which can lead to a situation of refusing services, authentication information or data transmissions, through the nodes of the system. [62,79,102,103]…”

Section: Malicious Code Attack Repudiation Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Security Threats in Agricultural IoT and Smart Farming

Demestichas

Πεππές

Alexakis

2020

Sensors

126

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The agriculture sector has held a major role in human societies across the planet throughout history. The rapid evolution in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) strongly affects the structure and the procedures of modern agriculture. Despite the advantages gained from this evolution, there are several existing as well as emerging security threats that can severely impact the agricultural domain. The present paper provides an overview of the main existing and potential threats for agriculture. Initially, the paper presents an overview of the evolution of ICT solutions and how these may be utilized and affect the agriculture sector. It then conducts an extensive literature review on the use of ICT in agriculture, as well as on the associated emerging threats and vulnerabilities. The authors highlight the main ICT innovations, techniques, benefits, threats and mitigation measures by studying the literature on them and by providing a concise discussion on the possible impacts these could have on the agri-sector.

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“…Our work is based on creating this connected cooperative ecosystem that will provide more accurate and a data driven dimension to precision agriculture. Further, such technologies must be resilient against cyber threats and call for the development of tailored security solutions [18], [19]. Also, these cooperatives work on well-defined membership agreements signed by individual member farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontologies and Artificial Intelligence Systems for the Cooperative Smart Farming Ecosystem

et al. 2020

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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Thing (IoT) generate large amounts of data spurring the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based smart applications. Driven by rapid advancements in technologies that support smart devices, agriculture and farming sector is shifting towards IoT connected ecosystem to balance the increase in demand for food supply. As the number of smart farms reach critical mass, it is now possible to include AI assisted systems at a cooperative (co-op) farming level. Today, in the United States alone there are about 1,871 coops serving 1,890,057 member farmers. Hence, such advanced technologies and infrastructure when incorporated in the coop farming ecosystem can immensely benefit small member farmers who operate and maintain these independent coop entities. In this paper, we develop a connected cooperative ecosystem which defines sensors and their communication among different entities along with cloud supported coop hub. We develop member farm and coop ontologies to capture data and various interactions that happen between shared resources, member farms, and the coop that are stored in the cloud. These can then help generate AI supported insights for farmers and the cooperative. Several coop farming use case scenarios have been discussed to demonstrate the functioning of our smart cooperative ecosystem. Finally, the paper describes various AI applications that can be deployed at the coop level to aid member farmers.

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Security and Privacy in Smart Farming: Challenges and Opportunities

Cited by 361 publications

References 105 publications

Blockchain Technology in Current Agricultural Systems: From Techniques to Applications

Blockchain Technology in Current Agricultural Systems: From Techniques to Applications

Survey on Security Threats in Agricultural IoT and Smart Farming

Ontologies and Artificial Intelligence Systems for the Cooperative Smart Farming Ecosystem

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