“…They can be very unpredictable even if they seem simple at first glance. One of the major threats in the 21st century is the huge migration of populations (Besenyő, 2016;Alkopher, Blanc, 2017;Alkopher, 2018;Kriviņš, Teivāns-Treinovskis, Tumalavičius, 2021) between continents and individual states, especially with regards to Islam. In recent years, pandemics such as COVID-19 have also become a significant threat (Besenyő, Kármán, 2020;Tušer, Jánský, Petráš, 2021) in particular with regards to their impact on the economic, social (Stefan et al, 2020;Jackulikova, Vrankova et al, 2022), and political environments.…”