Sediment Toxicity Testing of Organic Chemicals in the Context of Prospective Risk Assessment: A Review

Diepens, Noël J.; Arts, G.H.P.; Brock, T.C.M.; Smidt, Hauke; Brink, Paul J. Van den; Heuvel-Greve, M.J. van den; Koelmans, Albert A.

doi:10.1080/01496395.2012.718945

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…Consequently, all ERA frameworks require a clear interface metric between the exposure and effect assessment, and lack of a clear conceptual basis for this interface may lead to a low overall scientific quality of the ERA (Diepens et al, 2014). This interface metric is defined as the metric that gives an appropriate correlation between exposure and ecotoxicological effects and can be referred to as the ecotoxicologically relevant metric (ERM).…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Guidance for the prognostic risk assessment of nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems

Koelmans

Diepens

Velzeboer

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Guidance for the prognostic risk assessment of nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems

Koelmans

Diepens

Velzeboer

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Svensson and Leonardson, 1992;Melendez et al, 1993;Dahllöf et al, 1999;Widenfalk et al, 2004Widenfalk et al, , 2008aHwang et al, 2005;Negroni et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2010) and reviews on the subject have been published (DeLorenzo et al, 2001;Puglisi, 2012;Diepens et al, 2014a). Increasingly advanced molecular methods for studies of microbes in their natural environments are continuously developed and such methods have been employed in studies of pesticide effects on structural properties of sediment microbial communities (e.g.…”

Section: Current Knowledge On Effects Of Pesticides On Sediment Micromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endpoints in community level testing can be divided into those related to function (activity or processes), biomass (total biomass, or for taxonomic or functional groups) or structural properties (community structure or diversity). Diepens et al (2014a) argue that a combination of endpoints relating to functioning (enzyme activity, functional genomics) and microbial composition (targeting ribosomal RNA) may offer a more complete overview of the effects of sediment-bound toxicants on microbial communities. Examples of such an approach are provided by Widenfalk et al (2008a) and Dimitrov et al (2014), who studied the responses of benthic microbial communities to pesticide exposure.…”

Section: Investigating Community-level Properties Of Sediment Microormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been recurrently advocated that the evaluation of effects on microbes in prospective risk assessments of chemical pesticides need to be strengthened, including microbes in sediments (DeLorenzo et al, 2001;Van Beelen, 2003;Puglisi, 2012;Diepens et al, 2014a;ECHA, 2014). Similarly, a previous EFSA scientific opinion proposed two protection goals regarding heterotrophic microbes based on the ecosystem services these organisms provide (EFSA PPR Panel, 2010a; also see Chapter 3): (a) 'no unacceptable effects on functions of microbial communities' and (b) 'no decrease of biodiversity'.…”

Section: Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An accumulating literature advocates that community-level tests using micro-or mesocosms of natural sediments offer the most environmentally relevant and resource-efficient way to assess effects of PPPs and other pollutants on microorganisms (Puglisi, 2012;Diepens et al, 2014a;ECHA, 2014). With this approach, longer-term chronic effects induced by pesticides can be determined, covering taxonomic and functional shifts in microbial communities.…”

Section: Investigating Community-level Properties Of Sediment Microormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the effect assessment for pesticides on sediment organisms in edge‐of‐field surface water

2015

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR Panel) was tasked to revise the Guidance Document (GD) on Aquatic Ecotoxicology under Council Directive 91/414/EEC (SANCO/3268/2001 rev. 4 (final), 17 October 2002. This scientific opinion of the PPR Panel is the second of three requested deliverables within this mandate. The scientific background for the risk assessment on sediment organisms in edge-of-field surface waters is provided, with reference to benthic ecology and ecotoxicology, available test protocols and current knowledge on exposure and effects of sediment-bound plant protection products (PPPs). The scientific opinion provides approaches on how to derive regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) for sediment organisms and exposure to active substances of PPPs and transformation products of these substances, and how to link them in a tiered approach to predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) for the sediment compartment. A list of uncertainties in relation to such approaches is given. SUMMARYSediment Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is a combination of exposure and effect assessment. Proposals for these assessments are provided. The opinion describes specific protection goals (SPGs) for sediment-inhabiting organisms based on two options (1) the ecological threshold option (ETO), accepting negligible population effects only, and (2) if applicable, the ecological recovery option (ERO), accepting some population-level effects if ecological recovery takes place within an acceptable time period.Triggers for sediment ecotoxicity testing are proposed together with a decision scheme for when additional testing may be required. The ecotoxicologically relevant concentrations (ERCs) for sediment organisms are proposed, as this will be influenced by the choice of sediment layer, exposure metric and test duration.The current Forum for the co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their use (FOCUS) methodology for surface water does not consider the effect of multi-year applications, which could possibly lead to accumulation of pesticides in sediment. To account for this deficit, a proposed methodology for introducing an accumulation factor that can be used until an updated FOCUS methodology becomes available is presented in this opinion. The accumulation factor can be considered a conservative approach, since it does not include any possible transport processes, such as leaching or volatilisation, which may reduce the accumulation in sediment in the real field situation.A tiered effect assessment approach is proposed for different sediment organisms and how to link regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) to predicted environmental concentration (PECs). The assessment of bioaccumulation, biomagnification and secondary poisoning is discussed, as well as the prospect of improving ERA for sediment microorganisms.Transformation products from active substances also may need to be assessed, as well as mixture toxicity of formulations of plant protection products (PPPs). The op...

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The use of a Corophium volutator chronic sediment study to support the risk assessment of medetomidine for marine environments

Fox

Ohlauson

Sharpe

et al. 2014

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Chronic sediment studies were conducted using the marine amphipod Corophium volutator as part of an environmental risk assessment of the novel antifouling compound medetomidine. Two studies were performed, starting with neonates of less than 7 d old. A 28-d study considered endpoints of survival and growth (length and wet wt) and a 76-d study looked at survival, growth (length and wet wt), and reproduction (number of gravid females and neonates). Medetomidine was dosed via the sediment at nominal test concentrations of 1.0 µg/kg, 3.2 µg/kg, 10 µg/kg, 32 µg/kg, and 100 µg/kg (dry wt). In the 28-d growth study, a significant increase in mortality was observed at 32 µg/kg and 100 µg/kg. In the 76-d reproduction study, there were significant adverse effects on survival (32 µg/kg and 100 µg/kg), growth (100 µg/kg), and reproduction (100 µg/kg). The overall lowest-observed-effect concentration was 32 µg/kg medetomidine. For this test substance the increased study duration did not increase the overall sensitivity of the test. The present study suggests that the predicted sediment environmental concentration (PECsediment ) of 0.003 µg/kg for medetomidine would not be expected to cause adverse effects on the life history of C. volutator.

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Sediment Toxicity Testing of Organic Chemicals in the Context of Prospective Risk Assessment: A Review

Cited by 54 publications

References 178 publications

Guidance for the prognostic risk assessment of nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems

Guidance for the prognostic risk assessment of nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems

Scientific Opinion on the effect assessment for pesticides on sediment organisms in edge‐of‐field surface water

The use of a Corophium volutator chronic sediment study to support the risk assessment of medetomidine for marine environments

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