Seed-Borne Pests and Phytosanitary Issues: the Role of EPPO

Petter, F.; Suffert, M.; Mcmullen, Madeleine; Griessinger, D.; Roy, Anne-Sophie

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9389-6_3

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…This information helps risk assessors and risk managers to prepare for and prevent possible outbreaks of new plant pests and diseases. By using this horizon scanning, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) identify pests and pathogens that might be of concern to the European territory [ 48 , 49 ]. Citizen science can come into play here via passive observations, because plant health authorities often search large citizen science platforms for potential new pest species.…”

Section: Part 1: Opportunities For Citizen Science: Reflecting On Pas...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Citizen Science and Monitoring Forest Pests: a Beneficial Alliance?

Groot

Pocock

Bonte³

et al. 2022

Curr Forestry Rep

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Purpose of the Review One of the major threats to tree health, and hence the resilience of forests and their provision of ecosystem services, is new and emerging pests. Therefore, forest health monitoring is of major importance to detect invasive, emerging and native pest outbreaks. This is usually done by foresters and forest health experts, but can also be complemented by citizen scientists. Here, we review the use of citizen science for detection and monitoring, as well as for hypothesis-driven research and evaluation of control measures as part of forest pest surveillance and research. We then examine its limitations and opportunities and make recommendations on the use of citizen science for forest pest monitoring. Recent Findings The main opportunities of citizen scientists for forest health are early warning, early detection of new pests, monitoring of impact of outbreaks and scientific research. Each domain has its own limitations, opportunities and recommendations to follow, as well as their own public engagement strategies. The development of new technologies provides many opportunities to involve citizen scientists in forest pest monitoring. To enhance the benefits of citizen scientists’ inclusion in monitoring, it is important that they are involved in the cocreation of activities. Summary Future monitoring and research may benefit from tailor-made citizen science projects to facilitate successful monitoring by citizen scientists and expand their practice to countries where the forest health sector is less developed. In this sense, citizen scientists can help understand and detect outbreaks of new pests and avoid problems in the future.

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Section: Part 1: Opportunities For Citizen Science: Reflecting On Pas...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Citizen Science and Monitoring Forest Pests: a Beneficial Alliance?

Groot

Pocock

Bonte³

et al. 2022

Curr Forestry Rep

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Emerging risks to plant health: a European perspective.

Pautasso¹,

Petter²,

Rortais³

et al. 2015

CABI Reviews

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Emerging plant pests and diseases are a threat to biodiversity, food security and sustainability. In Europe, recent plant health emergencies include European ash dieback (due to the ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus), the outbreak of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa on olive trees in Apulia, Italy and the invasion by the vinegar cherry fly Drosophila suzukii. The main drivers of new plant health threats are increased long-distance plant trade, climate changes and the adoption of new crops (e.g. biofuels). This overview provides an update on available literature on tools and approaches to assess the risk posed by emerging plant health threats in Europe. In the European Union (EU), as well as in other regions, plant health risk assessment (carried out since 2006 by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)) is clearly separated from risk management decisions (taken by the European Commission and Council through the Standing Committee on Plant Health). The role of the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) is very important as an independent plant health risk assessment body covering the whole of Europe, not just the EU, thus liaising with neighbouring regions such as the Maghreb, Asia Minor and Russia. The main activities and projects of EPPO and EFSA in the domain of emerging plant health risks are summarized. The ongoing revision of the EU plant health regulations is an opportunity to improve biosecurity in the face of both the massive increase in trade of plant commodities and climate change. However, improving regulations (e.g. integrating new tools from evolutionary ecology and network theory) is not a panacea: there is also the need to increase public awareness and engagement, to facilitate interdisciplinary careers related to plant health, as well as to ensure long-term funding for research on emerging risks to plant health.

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Alien Invasive Pathogens and Pests Harming Trees, Forests, and Plantations: Pathways, Global Consequences and Management

Panzavolta

Bracalini

Benigno

et al. 2021

Forests

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Forest health worldwide is impacted by many invasive alien pathogens and pests (IAPPs) that cause significant harm, with severe economic losses and environmental alterations. Destructive tree pathogens and pests have in the past devastated our forests, natural landscapes and cityscapes and still continue to represent a serious threat. The main driver of pathogen and pest invasions is human activities, above all global trade, which allows these invasive species to overstep their natural distribution ranges. While natural transport occurs according to a regular, expected colonization pattern (based on the dispersive capacity of the organism), human-mediated transport takes place on a larger, unpredictable scale. In order for a pathogen or pest species to become invasive in a new territory it must overcome distinct stages (barriers) that strongly affect the outcome of the invasion. Early detection is crucial to enabling successful eradication and containment. Although sophisticated diagnostic techniques are now available for disease and pest surveillance and monitoring, few control and mitigation options are usable in forestry; of these, biological control is one of the most frequently adopted. Since invasion by pathogens and pests is an economic and ecological problem of supranational relevance, governments should endorse all necessary preventive and corrective actions. To this end, establishing and harmonizing measures among countries is essential, both for preventing new introductions and for diminishing the eventual range expansion of IAPPs present at a local scale. Research is fundamental for: (i) developing effective and rapid diagnostic tools; (ii) investigating the epidemiology and ecology of IAPPs in newly introduced areas; and (iii) supporting policymakers in the implementation of quarantine regulations.

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Seed-Borne Pests and Phytosanitary Issues: the Role of EPPO

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Citizen Science and Monitoring Forest Pests: a Beneficial Alliance?

Citizen Science and Monitoring Forest Pests: a Beneficial Alliance?

Emerging risks to plant health: a European perspective.

Alien Invasive Pathogens and Pests Harming Trees, Forests, and Plantations: Pathways, Global Consequences and Management

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