Seed development in ryegrass, and in red and white clover

Hyde, E. O. C.; McLeavey, M. Allison; Harris, G. S.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1959.10423263

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This was possibly caused by the greater time span between flowering and harvest, which may have promoted the higher level of hard seed (Hyde et al 1959). Differences attributable to crop lie were similar for both trials.…”

Section: Hard Seed Percentagementioning

confidence: 57%

Effects of pre-harvest treatment and mower and header types on seed loss and hard seed content at mowing, recovery, and separation when harvesting a white clover seed crop

Clifford¹,

McCartin

1985

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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To cite this article: P. T. P. Clifford & S. J. M. McCartin (1985) Effects of pre-harvest treatment and mower and header types on seed loss and hard seed content at mowing, recovery, and separation when harvesting a white clover seed crop, New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 13:4, 307-316, DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1985 Abstract A preliminary on-farm survey of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) crop seed losses at pickup for threshing and separation indicated that operator skills and/or machinery were responsible for losses rather than crop management skills. Losses ranged from 12 to 39%, the mean being 200 kg/ha of which 130 kg/ha was hard seed. In subsequent seasons at Lincoln, losses resulting from crop condition at mowing (crops were either cut green or desiccated before cutting morning or afternoon) were measured after cutting by a standard sickle bar (17 fingers/m), a lespedeza bar (25 fingers/m), a double reciprocating knife, or a twindrum rotary mower. The latter 2 mowers were also assessed in an out-of-condition crop. Losses from mowing ranged from 17 to 59% of the total harvestable seed yield (200-540 kg/ha). Use ofa rotating-finger type pickup attachment for swath recovery for threshing reduced mowing losses by 10% to range from 60 to 340 kg/ha. Lowest losses (5%) were recorded on a desiccated crop cut in the morning with a double reciprocating knife mower. The rotary mower gave the highest losses under good harvesting conditions for all treatments, but performed better than the double reciprocating knife on out-of-condition crops. Threshing and separation losses range from 20 to 200 kg/ha. Increase in pickup width tended to further concentrate losses in the header offal. The overall range of offal trail + pickup losses (460-720 kg/ha) indicated that some form of recovery would be practical. Hard seed content of seed lost both at mowing and at crop pickup for threshing ranged from 60 to 71 % -a hard seed return to the soil for the crop pickup process of 40-210 kg/ha. The drastic reduction in hard seed content which occurred in the threshing and separation processes was more than offset when this loss was restricted to the limited distribution of the offal trail and its associated recovery loss. The overall hard seed return in this area ranged from 160 to 420 kg/ha. These results indicated an urgent need for improved harvesting technology (a) to reduce seed loss and (b) to reduce hard seed content of the fraction remaining.

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Section: Hard Seed Percentagementioning

confidence: 57%

Effects of pre-harvest treatment and mower and header types on seed loss and hard seed content at mowing, recovery, and separation when harvesting a white clover seed crop

Clifford¹,

McCartin

1985

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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“…Further, Hyde et al (1959') stated that white clover seed which is set less than 2 to 3 weeks before harvest will not be of good size, storage quality, germination capacity, and seedling vigour. In an average Canterbury season, with the white clover harvest about the end of January, seed set after mid-January will not constitute a profitable part of the harvest in respect of quantity, quality, and freedom from Coleophora damage.…”

Section: ----------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology and control ofColeophoraspp. (Lepidoptera-Coleophoridae) on white clover

Dumbleton¹

1963

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The overwintering larvae of Coleophora spissicornis Howarth and C. alcyonipennella Kollar are in diapause during 1 winter only, and pupate in the following spring. It is concluded that in general the larval progeny of the first-brood moths do most of the damage to seed crops. C. alcyonipennella, which is usually numerically dominant in the first brood flight period, is the more injurious of the 2 species. In a field test at equivalent dosages both DDT and toxaphene gave good immediate control of the moths present, DDT being slightly superior.In a replicated experiment I application of DDT gave a nearly complete kill of the moths present at the time of spraying and increased the seedyield significantly. The residual effect of DDT is apparently of short duration. Further improvement in control, by sprays directed against the first-brood moths, will necessitate the application of more than I spray.

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“…Most of the seeds of T. pratense have a hard coat 7 . Since time is required for seeds to become permeable and germinate, most of the seeds do not germinate immediately after falling to the ground.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling Appearance, Survival and Flowering of <i>Trifolium pratense </i>in a Cutting Meadow

Sakanoue

2002

JARQ

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Seedling appearance, survival and flowering of Trifolium pratense from naturally deposited seeds in meadow soil layers were monitored over a period of 8 years in a meadow for herbage cutting (hereafter referred to as "cutting meadow") in the central mountainous district of Japan. In the meadow, Phleum pratense predominated and herbage had been harvested for making hay or silage in early June and late August of a year since the establishment of the meadow in 1966. T. pratense seedlings appeared from March to May (namely spring cohort) and from September to November (namely autumn cohort) every year. Estimated seedling density ranged yearly from 18 to 1,215 seedlings/m 2 in the spring cohorts and from 1 to 245 seedlings/m 2 in the autumn cohorts, with an average of 199 and 86 seedlings/m 2 , respectively. Half-life ranged yearly from 4 to 63 days for the spring cohorts and from 33 to 248 days for the autumn cohorts, with an average of 42 and 135 days, respectively. Of the 13,485 seedlings marked, no individuals survived for more than 4 years. Most of the individuals undergoing flowering (hereafter referred to as "flowering individuals") originated from the autumn cohorts. Thirty-two percent of the survivors began to flower in the first summer after their appearance. Ratio of flowering individuals to survivors rose to 81% in the second summer and fell to 50% in the third summer. It was suggested that during mechanical operations for harvesting in late August, T. pratense seeds were dropped and that the lack of third harvesting prolonged the half-life of the autumn cohorts which had succeeded in reproducing in this meadow.

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Seed development in ryegrass, and in red and white clover

Cited by 50 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of pre-harvest treatment and mower and header types on seed loss and hard seed content at mowing, recovery, and separation when harvesting a white clover seed crop

Effects of pre-harvest treatment and mower and header types on seed loss and hard seed content at mowing, recovery, and separation when harvesting a white clover seed crop

The biology and control ofColeophoraspp. (Lepidoptera-Coleophoridae) on white clover

Seedling Appearance, Survival and Flowering of <i>Trifolium pratense </i>in a Cutting Meadow

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