Seed morphology and genome size in two TuscanCrocus(Iridaceae) endemics:C. etruscusandC. ilvensis

Carta, Angelino; Moretti, Marina; Nardi, Flavia Domizia; Šiljak-Yakovlev, Sonja; Peruzzi, Lorenzo

doi:10.1080/00087114.2015.1025338

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The seed surface types assist in the utilized characteristics in systematics of the genus (Davis, 1984). These results are also compatible with studies conducted with various genera such as Crocus (Grilli Caiola et al, 2010;Harpke et al, 2014;Carta et al, 2015;Kerndorff et al, 2015 and2016), Romulea (Karaismailoğlu, 2015), Gladiolus (Zhygalova et al, 2015) within the family.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Morphological and Anatomical Observations on Seeds of Some Iris L. Taxa from Turkey

Karaismailoğlu

2019

Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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This study includes on the taxonomic evaluation of morphological and anatomical features of seeds belonging to Iris taxa, which are I. suaveolens, I. sintenisii, I. foetidissima and I. germanica scattered in Turkey. Morphological features like dimension, shape, colour, and surface ornamentation types of seeds have studied by light and scanning electron microscopes. The structure and thicknesses of testa and parenchyma layers in seeds have examined anatomically. The obtained results show that the color, shape, testa structure and thickness of the seeds of the examined taxa are different in some respects. Furthermore, the surface ornamentations are somewhat diverse for the studied taxa at the interspecific level. As a result, it has been determined that the examined morphological and anatomical characteristics of the seeds show variations with some exceptions, and this situation has a taxonomic importance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Morphological and Anatomical Observations on Seeds of Some Iris L. Taxa from Turkey

Karaismailoğlu

2019

Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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“…On the other hand, the hair features of C. pallasii were highly variable between the populations, and these variations showed that this taxon will be split in light of its other morphological and genetic characteristics (Erol et al, 2014(Erol et al, , 2015. We trust that the seed coat patterns may be a good marker at the species level when considered together with the other characteristics, and Carta et al (2015) were in agreement with our opinion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Turkey is the richest country with 137 Crocus taxa (Harpke et al, 2012;Ruksans, 2017). Different conventional morphological features used in Crocus taxonomy with regards to possibly distinguishing monophyletic groups within the genus have been reported in the literature (Harpke et al, 2012(Harpke et al, , 2014Carta et al, 2015), in which it was found that none of the traditional morphological features were suitable for discriminating Crocus sections or series. This status has caused some problems in their classification; therefore, additional characteristics that can assist the existing diagnostics are needed for the classification of Crocus taxa.Crocus seed color, structure, and surface sculpture are of much importance in terms of taxonomical applications (Maw, 1886).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This status has caused some problems in their classification; therefore, additional characteristics that can assist the existing diagnostics are needed for the classification of Crocus taxa.Crocus seed color, structure, and surface sculpture are of much importance in terms of taxonomical applications (Maw, 1886). However, with the exception of a few studies (Kujat and Rafiński, 1978;Grilli Caiola et al, 2010;Carta et al, 2015), Crocus seed has not been a popular research subject. Mathew (1982) attributed this situation to the fact that the capsules and seeds of crocuses flowering in either autumn or spring reach maturity during April and May.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Seed structure of some taxa of the genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) series Crocus

Karaismailoğlu¹,

Şık²,

Gemicioğlu³

et al. 2018

Turk J Bot

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distributed from West Europe and Northwest Africa to West China, with the center of species diversity in the Balkan Peninsula and Turkey. Turkey is the richest country with 137 Crocus taxa (Harpke et al., 2012; Ruksans, 2017). Different conventional morphological features used in Crocus taxonomy with regards to possibly distinguishing monophyletic groups within the genus have been reported in the literature (Harpke et al., 2012, 2014; Carta et al., 2015), in which it was found that none of the traditional morphological features were suitable for discriminating Crocus sections or series. This status has caused some problems in their classification; therefore, additional characteristics that can assist the existing diagnostics are needed for the classification of Crocus taxa. Crocus seed color, structure, and surface sculpture are of much importance in terms of taxonomical applications (Maw, 1886). However, with the exception of a few studies (Kujat and Rafiński, 1978; Grilli Caiola et al., 2010; Carta et al., 2015), Crocus seed has not been a popular research subject. Mathew (1982) attributed this situation to the fact that the capsules and seeds of crocuses flowering in either autumn or spring reach maturity during April and May. According to our experiences from field observations, it is hard to find and collect capsules on the ground when vegetation is dense and tall. Therefore, Crocus seed studies require the cultivation of related taxa and capsule and seed harvesting should be done carefully. Seeds and fruits may possess various macro-and micromorphological structures that can provide valuable information for plant taxonomy. The shape, color, size, and especially microstructure (including anatomical features) of the seeds and fruits are valuable information for plant systematics (Kerndorff et al., 2015). There have been many plant epidermal surface analyses using scanning electron microscopes (SEMs). According to Barthlott (1981), surface characteristics can basically be divided into 4 main groups: 1) cellular arrangement, 2) shape of the cells, 3) relief of the outer cell walls, and 4) epicuticular secretions. These characteristics vary widely among species and at the family level, and are not easily affected by environmental conditions. Moreover, Kerndorff et al. (2015) stated that the microstructures of Crocus seed testae are very taxonomically valuable, and just this character alone can be adequate for a systematic grouping of the genus. In addition, the seed anatomical characters are generally as useful as the morphological characters for plant identification and are frequently used in the discrimination of closely related taxa (Karamian et al., 2012; Karaismailoğlu, 2015).

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“…So far, the biology and phylogenetic relationships have been investigated in only a few taxa, among which Petagnaea gussonei (Gianguzzi 2002;Gianguzzi and La Mantia 2004;De Castro et al 2009, Sardinian Aquilegia (Garrido et al 2012;Mattana et al 2012), Gymnospermium scipetarum subsp. eddae (Rosati et al 2019a(Rosati et al , 2019bMarzario et al 2022), and Crocus etruscus (Carta et al 2014(Carta et al , 2015(Carta et al , 2016Harpke et al 2015). Based on available karyological data, the mean chromosome number is 32.1 (± 22.5), similarly to the whole Italian endemic flora (30.7 according to Bedini et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Italian endemic forest plants: an annotated inventory and synthesis of knowledge

Selvi¹,

Campetella²,

Canullo³

et al. 2023

plecevo

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Background and aims – Forests are among the most threatened ecosystems worldwide, and endemic plants are often a vulnerable component of the flora of a given territory. So far, however, understory forest endemics of southern Europe have received little attention and are poorly known for several aspects. Material and methods – We developed the first list of native vascular plants that are restricted to Italian forests. Available information on taxonomy, regional distribution, ecology, biology, functional traits, and conservation status was collected for each taxon, allowing to identify major knowledge gaps and calculate baseline statistics. Key results – The list includes 134 taxa, most of which are linked to closed-canopy forest habitats, while the others are also found in margins and gaps. The forest and non-forest Italian endemic flora differed in terms of taxonomic and life-form distribution. The rate and density of forest endemism increased with decreasing latitude and were highest in Sicily, Calabria, and Basilicata, where paleoendemic mono- or oligotypic genera also occur. Endemic phanerophytes were especially numerous on islands. Beech and deciduous oak forests were the most important habitats, but hygrophilous woodlands also host numerous endemics. Overall, the ecology, biology, and functional traits of the forest endemic taxa are still poorly known. The ratio diploids/polyploids was highest in the south and on the islands. Almost 24% of the taxa were assessed as “Critically Endangered”, “Endangered”, or “Vulnerable”, and 24% were categorized as “Data Deficient”, based on the IUCN system. Increasing frequency and intensity of fires was the most frequent threat. Conclusions – This work can contribute to implement the European forest plant species list and serve as a basis for further research on a unique biological heritage of the continent. However, more knowledge about these globally rare taxa is needed, to support their conservation in changing forest landscapes.

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Seed morphology and genome size in two TuscanCrocus(Iridaceae) endemics:C. etruscusandC. ilvensis

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Morphological and Anatomical Observations on Seeds of Some Iris L. Taxa from Turkey

Morphological and Anatomical Observations on Seeds of Some Iris L. Taxa from Turkey

Seed structure of some taxa of the genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) series Crocus

The Italian endemic forest plants: an annotated inventory and synthesis of knowledge

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