Seed Priming with Non-thermal Plasma Modified Plant Reactions to Selenium or Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Cold Plasma as a Novel Emerging Tool for Plant Science

Seed priming with cold plasma improved seedling performance, secondary metabolism, and expression of deacetylvindoline O‐acetyltransferase gene in Catharanthus roseus

“…However, there are still many knowledge gaps in the function and commercialization of cold plasma to the pursuit of knowledge and goals in plant science and agriculture. The different benefits of plasma functions, such as stimulating seedling early performance, decontaminating seeds, promoting crop productivity, and improving plant adaptation to an unfavourable condition, have been confirmed by several previous studies. Moreover, cold (non‐thermal) plasma generation is associated with the production and accumulation of diverse active nitrogen (ANS) and oxygen (AOS) species, electrons, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation; each is a bioactive elicitor and has its own intracellular signalling and interplay with other cellular signalling networks …”

“…Based on current evidence, depending on whether the seed is dry or moisturized before plasma priming, the response of the seedlings to plasma may vary. This controversial issue has been discussed by some researchers regarding diverse plant species, including Melissa ofcinalis , radish, and A. fridae . In this regard, the reaction of adsorbed water molecules on seed coat with plasma‐originated active species and activation of cellular metabolism have been introduced as underlying mechanisms involved in the seed/plasma interaction.…”

“…This controversial issue has been discussed by some researchers regarding diverse plant species, including Melissa ofcinalis , radish, and A. fridae . In this regard, the reaction of adsorbed water molecules on seed coat with plasma‐originated active species and activation of cellular metabolism have been introduced as underlying mechanisms involved in the seed/plasma interaction. Water uptake in the seed is associated with the activation of respiration, an increase in acetyl CoA (an important primary metabolite involved in many metabolic pathways), changes in hormones, alteration in transcription programme of genes, and differential proteome.…”

“…Furthermore, the plasma application induced peroxidase and catalase activities (two major antioxidant enzymes) that are involved in the plant defence system. Plasma‐mediated induction in antioxidant machinery has been reported in several plant species, such as Oryza sativa , Triticum aestivum , A. fridae , and Melissa officinalis . Besides, seed priming with plasma caused modifications in the soluble phenols, PAL, alkaloids, and expression pattern of the DAT gene (four indices related to secondary metabolism).…”

“…Recently, Iranbakhsh et al in wheat, Kyzek et al in pea, Moghanloo et al in A. fridae , and Iranbakhsh et al, in hemp have provided the molecular data in response to plasma. The plasma‐derived UV photons and bioactive signalling molecules can individually or synergistically trigger particular signalling routes, thereby reprogramming intracellular metabolism . For instance, Mildažienė et al also displayed changes in the hormonal status following plasma utilization.…”