Seed priming with proline improved photosystem II efficiency and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Background Proline can promote growth of plants by increasing photosynthetic activity under both non-stress and abiotic stress conditions. However, its role in non-stressed conditions is least studied. An experiment was conducted to assess as to whether increase in growth of wheat due to seed priming with proline under non-stress condition was associated with proline-induced changes in photosystem II (PSII) activity. Seeds of four wheat varieties (S-24, Sehar-06, Galaxy-13, and Pasban-90) were primed with different concentrations of proline (0, 5, 15 and 25 mM) for 12 h and allowed to grow under normal conditions. Biomass accumulation and photosynthetic performance, being two most sensitive features/indicators of plant growth, were selected to monitor proline modulated changes. Results Seed priming with proline increased the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and plant height of all four wheat varieties. Maximum increase in growth attributes was observed in all four wheat varieties at 15 mM proline. Maximum growth improvement due to proline was found in var. Galaxy-13, whereas the reverse was true for S-24. Moreover, proline treatment changed the Fo, Fm, Fv/Fo, PIABS, PITot in wheat varieties indicating changes in PSII activity. Proline induced changes in energy fluxes for absorption, trapping, electron transport and heat dissipation per reaction center indicated that var. Galaxy-13 had better ability to process absorbed light energy through photosynthetic machinery. Moreover, lesser PSII efficiency in var. S-24 was due to lower energy flux for electron transport and greater energy flux for heat dissipation. This was further supported by the fact that var. S-24 had disturbance at acceptor side of PSI as reflected by reduction in ΔVIP, probability and energy flux for electron transport at the PSI end electron acceptors. Conclusion Seed priming with proline improved the growth of wheat varieties, which depends on type of variety and concentration of proline applied. Seed priming with proline significantly changed the PSII activity in wheat varieties, however, its translation in growth improvement depends on potential of processing of absorbed light energy by electron acceptors of electron transport chain, particularly those present at PSI end.

Time-series monitoring of transgenic maize seedlings phenotyping exhibiting glyphosate tolerance

“…On 4 DAT, some parameters of ST plants changed significantly compared with SW plants. As the commonest evaluation index of stress tolerance, PIAB S exhibited better performance than φ P0 (or F v / F m ), which is in agreement with finding of published study (Ambreen et al , 2021). PIAB S is obtained by multiplying three independent parameters (Table 1), it can evaluate the effect of stress on photosynthetic apparatus more comprehensively and accurately (Gururani et al , 2018).…”

Effects of Seed Priming with Proline and Glycine Betaine on Germination, Seedling Growth, and Photosynthetic Pigments of Rice (Oryza sativa) under Chilling Stress

“…This was might be due to the variation in crop species and the nature of the priming agents. Similar findings were also reported by Ambreen et al [19], and Tania et al [20]. According to numerous earlier research, the reduced water intake, cell membrane damage, decreased cellular respiration, and raised reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were the main causes of the delayed and uneven germination of rice under cold stress [21].…”

Exogenous seed treatment with proline and its consequences to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) seedling establishment

“…Previously, proline short-term treatment has been tested to alleviate the effects of salt or drought stress and to stimulate the growth of herbaceous plants (Kamran et al, 2009;Nawaz et al, 2010). As further effects of proline short-term treatment increase in leaf length, sugar, and proline content, changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, and improvements in photosynthetic pigments were recorded (Posmyk & Janas, 2007;Karalija & Selović, 2018;Shafiq et al, 2018;Ambreen et al, 2021). In this study, proline seed treatment was applied for the first time to a tree species.…”

“…The proline metabolism mechanism and scavenging abilities are well known, and they have been studied in herbaceous species, such as Arabidopsis (Hare et al, 2003), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Shafiq et al, 2018;Ambreen et al, 2021), mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) (Posmyk & Janas, 2007), sweet corn (Wen et al, 2013), maize (Zea mays L.) (Karalija & Selović, 2018) or rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Singh et al, 2018), as is the case with proline seed priming (Kamran et al, 2009;Karalija and Selović, 2018). Meanwhile, the results of research on short-lived species do not reflect the mechanisms occurring in seeds and seedlings of long-lived orgasms, such as trees (Duangpan et al, 2018;Sigala et al, 2020).…”