Seed size variation within Zostera marina L. (Zosteraceae)

Wyllie‐Echeverria, Sandy; Cox, Paul Alan; Churchill, A. C.; Brotherson, Jack D.; Wyllie‐Echeverria, Tina

doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00180.x

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Floating leaf material was removed, while seeds and plant materials were retained. Accumulated detritus was passed over a 2.5 mm sieve to remove large debris, and detritus material was separated from Z. marina seeds through a 1.0 mm sieve (Wyllie-Echeverria et al, 2003). Following this, all seeds were kept in high salinity artificial seawater (50 ppt) (Pan et al, 2011b) at 5 °C (Zarranz et al, 2010; Dooley, Wyllie-Echeverria & Van Volkenburgh, 2013) until initiation of our tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity and temperature significantly influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrassZostera marinaL.

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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Globally, seagrass beds have been recognized as critical yet declining coastal habitats. To mitigate seagrass losses, seagrass restorations have been conducted in worldwide over the past two decades. Seed utilization is considered to be an important approach in seagrass restoration efforts. In this study, we investigated the effects of salinity and temperature on seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrass Zostera marina L. (Swan Lake, northern China). We initially tested the effects of salinity (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ppt) and water temperature (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C) on seed germination to identify optimal levels. To identify levels of salinity that could potentially limit survival and growth, and, consequently, the spatial distribution of seedlings in temperate estuaries, we then examined the effect of freshwater and other salinity levels (10, 20, and 30 ppt) on seedling growth and establishment to confirm suitable conditions for seedling development. Finally, we examined the effect of transferring germinated seeds from freshwater or low salinity levels (1, 5, and 15 ppt) to natural seawater (32 ppt) on seedling establishment rate (SER) at 15 °C. In our research, we found that: (1) Mature seeds had a considerably lower moisture content than immature seeds; therefore, moisture content may be a potential indicator of Z. marina seed maturity; (2) Seed germination significantly increased at low salinity (p < 0.001) and high temperature (p < 0.001). Salinity had a much stronger influence on seed germination than temperature. Maximum seed germination (88.67 ± 5.77%) was recorded in freshwater at 15 °C; (3) Freshwater and low salinity levels (< 20 ppt) increased germination but had a strong negative effect on seedling morphology (number of leaves per seedling reduced from 2 to 0, and maximum seedling leaf length reduced from 4.48 to 0 cm) and growth (seedling biomass reduced by 46.15–66.67% and maximum seedling length reduced by 21.16–69.50%). However, Z. marina performed almost equally well at salinities of 20 and 30 ppt. Very few germinated seeds completed leaf differentiation and seedling establishment in freshwater or at low salinity, implying that freshwater and low salinity may potentially limit the distribution of this species in coastal and estuarine waters. Therefore, the optimum salinity for Z. marina seedling establishment and colonization appears to be above 20 ppt in natural beds; (4) Seeds germinated in freshwater or at low salinity levels could be transferred to natural seawater to accomplish seedling establishment and colonization. This may be the optimal method for the adoption of seed utilization in seagrass restoration. We also identified seven stages of seed germination and seedling metamorphosis in order to characterize growth and developmental characteristics. Our results may serve as useful information for Z. marina habitat establishment and restoration programs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity and temperature significantly influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrassZostera marinaL.

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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“…Zostera marina seeds used for germinating seedlings were collected in the first 2 wk of July around the island of Fyn, Denmark, using the protocol of Wyllie-Echeverria et al (2003). Seeds were planted in the nursery and kept under the same conditions as described above for R. maritima.…”

Section: Sediment Water and Plant Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizosphere O2 dynamics in young Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima

Jovanovic¹,

Pedersen²,

Larsen

et al. 2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima often share the same habitat, but R. maritima appears more resistant to environmental stress. We investigated the impact of light intensity and water column O 2 concentrations on radial oxygen loss (ROL), in young specimens of Z. marina and R. maritima. Planar optode imaging revealed that ROL of Z. marina was localized to the root tip, while R. maritima showed ROL along extensive root sections. The total root biomass of the 2 species was similar, but, while R. maritima had only 1 root, of which 33% of its length showed ROL, Z. marina had 2 to 5 individual roots, where only 2 to 3 exhibited O 2 leakage, but then only at root tips. ROL resulted in an oxic volume of 4.26 ± 0.51 mm 3 plant −1 for Z. marina and 5.39 ± 0.47 mm 3 plant −1 for R. maritima (n = 3). ROL per plant at light saturation was 2.32 ± 0.30 and 2.89 ± 0.38 nmol h −1 for Z. marina and R. maritima, respectively. These values declined by 71 and 60% in darkness. However, both species were able to maintain ROL as long as ambient O 2 levels remained > 50% air saturation. The calculated ROL integrated over a 24 h cycle was 48.8 ± 10.6 nmol O 2 plant −1 d −1 (n = 3) for R. maritima and 30% less for Z. marina. The ability of R. maritima to maintain higher ROL than Z. marina could be an important feature defining its potential for colonizing and maintaining growth in eutrophic sediments.

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“…This is due to the fact that various metric measurements of the seeds are very essential quantitative variables for determining size and shape of the seeds (S. Wyllie-echeverria, Coxfls, Chuchill, Brotherson, & T. Wyllie-echeverria, 2003). Also, the knowledge of physical properties of seeds are essential parameters require in the designing of equipment necessary for harvesting and post-harvest handling, transportation and processing of agricultural produce into different consumable and marketable food items.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Proximate and Anti-nutritional Composition of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) Seeds Varieties

Ajibola¹,

Olapade²

2016

JFR

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The physical, proximate and anti-nutritional properties of five accessions of African yam bean (AYB) seeds (TSs 57, TSs 61, TSs 93, TSs 94 and TSs 116) obtained from Genetic Resource Centre (GRC) of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were studied and compared. This was aimed at unraveling the nutritional importance of this crop to enhance its production and utilisation. The physical properties investigated include seed size, length to diameter ratio, seed weight, percentage of seed coat, bulk density and loose density. Proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors such as saponin, oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, tannin, trypsin inhibitor and hydrogen cyanide of these accessions processed flours were also examined. The results of physical properties indicated significant differences (P<0.05) among the accessions except accessions TSs 93 and TSs 94 that did not differ in their lengths and diameters and also accessions TSs 61 and TSs 116 did not differ in their thicknesses. Results of proximate analysis revealed that crude fibre, fat and carbohydrate contents of the accessions were not significantly different from one another at (P<0.05) except TSs 94 that differed in its carbohydrate and TSs 116 also differed in its crude fibre from others. Meanwhile, in terms of anti-nutritional factors, there existed no significant difference in saponin contents but there were significant differences in oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, tannin, trypsin inhibitor and hydrogen cyanide among the accessions tested.

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Seed size variation within Zostera marina L. (Zosteraceae)

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Salinity and temperature significantly influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrassZostera marinaL.

Salinity and temperature significantly influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrassZostera marinaL.

Rhizosphere O2 dynamics in young Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima

Physical, Proximate and Anti-nutritional Composition of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) Seeds Varieties

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