Seeing beyond a Dilated Proventriculus: Diagnostic Tools for Proventricular Dilatation Disease in Psittacine Birds

Araújo, Josinaldo Lopes; Rech, Raquel R.

doi:10.3390/ani11123558

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…Macrorhabdiosis, proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), and lead poisoning also lead to proventricular dilation and thickening in psittacine birds and must be considered as differential diagnoses (16,25,26). One of the main differentials of gastrointestinal stromal tumors is smooth muscle neoplasms, such as leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proventricular and ventricular gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in a scarlet macaw (Ara chloropterus)

Paranhos,

Silva,

Duarte

et al. 2024

BJVP

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GISTs can be benign or malignant, and they have been reported in a wide variety of species, including humans, non-human primates, dogs, and cats; however, reports of this tumor in birds are rare. These neoplasms are seen in the gastrointestinal tract and are derived from the Cajal Cells responsible for regulating gastrointestinal motility. We report a case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a scarlet macaw (Ara chloropterus) that was referred to necropsy at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Northeastern Brazil. Macroscopically, the proventriculus and ventriculus were dilated, and the walls of both organs were thickened by a firm, ulcerated mass covered by fibrin strands. In the histopathology, the proventriculus presented an expansive, non-encapsulated neoplasm formed by homogeneous spindle cells, with eosinophilic cytoplasm, indistinct borders, mild to moderate pleomorphism, and rare mitotic figures, being suggestive of a leiomyoma. In immunohistochemistry, a positive multifocal immunolabeling for the C-KIT proto-oncogene was observed in the cytoplasm of neoplastic spindle cells, thus compatible with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The occurrence of GISTs in avian species might have been overlooked, and the authors recommend that previously reported gastrointestinal leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas be tested for this immunomarker to rule out the possibility of GISTs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proventricular and ventricular gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in a scarlet macaw (Ara chloropterus)

Paranhos,

Silva,

Duarte

et al. 2024

BJVP

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Distribution of lesions in psittacine birds naturally infected with parrot bornavirus in Japan

FUJIWARA,

AIHARA,

YOSHINO

et al. 2024

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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Mononuclear cell infiltration of the central nervous system and ganglioneuritis are characteristic histopathological findings of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) caused by parrot bornavirus (PaBV) infection. The purpose of this study was to clarify the link between the degree of inflammatory lesions and the distribution of the virus antigen in naturally PaBV-infected parrots. Pathological examination was performed on 18 PaBV-infected birds identified by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Dilatation of the crop, proventriculus, and ventriculus was observed in all 18 (100%) birds, and dilation of the right ventricle of the heart was observed in 14/18 (78%) birds. Cases were classified based on the scores for the distribution and degree of histological lesions into neural type, with severe brain lesions, digestive type, with severe gastric lesions, or nervous/digestive type, with severe lesions in both the brain and ventriculus. The PaBV immunohistological score correlated with the inflammatory lesion scores. Ganglioneuritis, myocarditis, and myocardial degeneration were frequently observed in the heart. Interestingly, macroscopic and microscopic lesions and virus antigen were detected in the hearts of all three histological types. The present study showed that parrots naturally infected with PaBVs can be grouped into three types based on the lesion distribution, and heart failure is an important symptom in PaBV-infected parrots.

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Seeing beyond a Dilated Proventriculus: Diagnostic Tools for Proventricular Dilatation Disease in Psittacine Birds

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Proventricular and ventricular gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in a scarlet macaw (Ara chloropterus)

Proventricular and ventricular gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in a scarlet macaw (Ara chloropterus)

Distribution of lesions in psittacine birds naturally infected with parrot bornavirus in Japan

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