Seismic retrofitting solution of an adobe masonry wall

Figueiredo, A.; Varum, Humberto; Costa, Anı́bal; Silveira, Dora; Oliveira, Cristina

doi:10.1617/s11527-012-9895-1

Cited by 87 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Generally, the strengthening overlay consists of a mortar, applied manually or mechanically. These surface treatments, as designated by Elgawady et al [1], typically incorporate different types of steel, polymers, carbon or glass fibres and fibre meshes used to enhance tensile behaviour and ductility of the strengthening overlay [2][3][4][5][6]. The application of these reinforced strengthening overlays improves both the in-plane and the out-of-plane load carrying capacity [7].…”

Section: Overlay Strengthening Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of overlay masonry strengthening system under in-plane monotonic and cyclic loading using the diagonal tensile test

Almeida

Pereira

Barros

2015

Construction and Building Materials

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h i g h l i g h t sThe efficiency of FRCM overlays was assessed as part of a masonry strengthening system. The strength increment of masonry walls was quantified by diagonal tensile tests. Monotonic and cyclic in-plane loading was applied to evaluate the behaviour of the walls.The key failure modes obtained experimentally and the basic mechanisms were examined. Experimental results were discussed and compared to the analytical model predictions. a b s t r a c tThe development of novel strengthening techniques to address the seismic vulnerability of masonry elements is gradually leading to simpler, faster and more effective strengthening strategies. In particular, the use of fabric reinforced cementitious matrix systems is considered of great potential, given the increase of ductility achieved with simple and economic strengthening procedures. To assess the effectiveness of these strengthening systems, and considering that the seismic action is involved, one important component of the structural behaviour is the in-plane cyclic response. In this work is discussed the applicability of the diagonal tensile test for the assessment of the cyclic response of strengthened masonry. The results obtained allowed to assess the contribution of the strengthening system to the increase of the load carrying capacity of masonry elements, as well as to evaluate the damage evolution and the stiffness degradation mechanisms developing under cyclic loading.

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Section: Overlay Strengthening Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of overlay masonry strengthening system under in-plane monotonic and cyclic loading using the diagonal tensile test

Almeida

Pereira

Barros

2015

Construction and Building Materials

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“…Specifically, multistory full‐scale tests of specimens with various types of openings are required to assess the seismic performance of different retrofitting strategies. This applies not only to the retrofitting technique shown in this paper but also to others, such as the use of meshes, tire stripes, or concrete elements . Moreover, and given the historical value of the buildings, future research on retrofitting strategies that minimize their architectural impact should also be studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Buildings made with sun-dried bricks-or adobe-are one of the most common existing earth-based structures and comprise a high amount of cultural and architectural heritage of diverse cultures worldwide. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In fact, the 2012 UNESCO Inventory of Earthen Architecture 5 demonstrated that the adobe construction technique is the most commonly used on inscribed earthen sites in the World Heritage List. This same study warns about the high vulnerability of earth architecture to natural disasters and states that around 25% of the World Heritage list of sites in danger is built with earth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buildings made with sun‐dried bricks—or adobe—are one of the most common existing earth‐based structures and comprise a high amount of cultural and architectural heritage of diverse cultures worldwide . In fact, the 2012 UNESCO Inventory of Earthen Architecture demonstrated that the adobe construction technique is the most commonly used on inscribed earthen sites in the World Heritage List.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tolles et al performed two shaking table tests on 1:2 scale (large scale) adobe houses of 3700 mm per 3700 mm in plan, variable height from 1950 to 3000 mm, and 200‐mm wall thickness. Figueiredo et al conducted cyclic and dynamic in‐plane tests of full‐scale adobe walls of 3070 mm high, 3500 mm long, and 290 mm thick, to evaluate the effect of repairing the specimen with grout injections and plastic meshes. Finally, Charleson and Blondet, and Bossio et al evaluated the feasibility of two retrofit alternatives through shaking table tests of an adobe building of 3250 mm per 3250 mm in plan, 2120‐mm average height, and 250‐mm wall thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Out‐of‐plane shaking table tests of full‐scale historic adobe corner walls retrofitted with timber elements

Reyes

Galvis

Liu

et al. 2019

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Summary Historic adobe structures pose a high seismic risk mainly because of the poor out‐of‐plane bending response of their walls that may produce fatalities and significant economic, cultural, and heritage losses. In this paper, we propose a retrofitting technique that increases the wall strength for both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions. This technique consists of vertical and horizontal timber elements symmetrically installed on each face of the wall to form a confining wood frame, supplemented with vertical tensors that pre‐compress the wall. This study evaluates the performance of this retrofitting technique with a two‐set experimental program on full‐scale historic adobe walls. On the first set, four specimens were subjected to a static overturning test with boundary conditions representing the confinement effect at both ends by orthogonal walls. On the second set, three full‐scale specimens, one unretrofitted and two retrofitted, were subjected to four ground motion records on a shaking table to assess the out‐of‐plane dynamic behavior of typical corner walls. The unretrofitted specimen collapsed during the second motion (peak ground acceleration [PGA] = 0.39 g), while both retrofitted walls survived all four motions (maximum PGA of 0.75 g) proving the high effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting. The addition of base anchors as a variation of the retrofitting technique significantly reduced the rocking effects and the residual drifts of the system, thus improving its overall seismic performance. Further research is needed to develop guidelines for seismic retrofit of heritage buildings including multistory full‐scale tests of specimens with various types of openings and retrofitting strategies that minimize their architectural impact.

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Empirical fragility assessment of adobe and rammed earth walls subjected to seismic actions

Rincón

Reyes

Carrillo

et al. 2022

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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In many Latin American countries, most constructions from the colonial period were built in earth masonry. During past earthquakes, some of these buildings collapsed even with moderate magnitude events resulting in significant loss of human lives. Nevertheless, empirical fragility functions at the component level (FFs) for these structures have not been comprehensively investigated in the literature. This paper presents the probabilistic characterization of the uncertain damage sustained by earthen vertical wall segments subjected to seismic actions. Drift-based FFs are constructed for in-plane (IP) actions using 48 test results from previous studies. Three damage states, corresponding to cracking, extensive cracking, and collapse, are proposed for this loading direction. Only the collapse state is analyzed for out-of-plane (OOP) forces and a total of 26 experimental results comprise the database for this case; peak ground acceleration is selected to represent the intensity measure for OOP demands. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests aided to confirm that, for in-plane demands, the compressive strength is one of the most influential parameters for the cracking limit state. ANOVA tests also helped to identify that only the slenderness and boundary conditions seem to have a slight influence in the FFs for the OOP demands.Finally, the derived FFs were used to recommend drift and acceleration-based limit states for earthquake-resistant assessment of earthen components. The developed fragility functions may be used to predict the probability of occurrence of a certain damage state at a component level which can be used in risk and resilience assessments of vernacular buildings.

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Seismic retrofitting solution of an adobe masonry wall

Cited by 87 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of overlay masonry strengthening system under in-plane monotonic and cyclic loading using the diagonal tensile test

Assessment of overlay masonry strengthening system under in-plane monotonic and cyclic loading using the diagonal tensile test

Out‐of‐plane shaking table tests of full‐scale historic adobe corner walls retrofitted with timber elements

Empirical fragility assessment of adobe and rammed earth walls subjected to seismic actions

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