Seismic source comparison for shallow targets in north Kuwait field

Abstract

A 2D seismic reflection line for shallow targets in north Kuwait was acquired in December of 2010 with varying source types: explosives, accelerated weight drop, small (15,000 lb) vibrator, and heavy (80,000 lb) vibrator. The exploration target is shallow at around 100 ms to 400 ms two-way time (TWT). The objective of the study was to establish the optimal source effort for a planned 3D survey. The accelerated weight drop proved to be inferior to the other source types because the data lacked high-frequency content. Explosive data benefit from the absence of engine noise and less surface-wave noise compared to the other source types used; yet, the overall energy penetration was not as good as expected. The best data were achieved with vibrators. The small 15,000 lb vibrator produced less engine noise, but fell somewhat short with the observed frequency bandwidth compared to the heavy 80,000 lb vibrator because of vibrator design and energy penetration. The final stacked sections of the two vibrator data are very comparable, however, in the overall imaging of the subsurface. In addition, we acquired the 2D line a second time with the heavy vibrator refitted with an exhaust silencer kit that reduced the engine noise and air wave in prestack data. This has improved the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio in the stacked data by 2 dB.

Seismic source comparison in Surat Basin, Queensland

“…A number of land seismic sources have been developed and successfully applied to accommodate these additional challenges; without compromising data quality (e.g. Meunier and Daures, 2008, Suarez and Stewart, 2009and Kumar et al, 2011. The onSEIS "Geokinetics proprietary seismic electrical impulsive source" is one of the latest developments.…”

“…A number of comprehensive source tests have been undertaken in the past (e.g. Yordkayhun, et al, 2008, Suarez, et al 2009, and Kumar et al, 2011. Technological advances have improved the performance of the different source types; however, the results of the previous studies showed clear differences between various seismic sources at different locations.…”

Optimal combining of seismic data with different spectral characteristics

“…Такая ситуация возникает при не обходимости совместного исполвзования перекрываю щ ихся съемок, выполненных в разны х проектах или в одном проекте, например в переходных зонах суша-мо ре [Hesthammer, Lokkebo, 1997;M ohan et al, 2007;Carter, Pambayuning, 2009;Greer, Fomel, 2018;. Кроме того, с этим прихо дится сталкиватвся при тестировании различных сейсмических источников Kumar et al, 2011;.…”