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Two large‐scale, single‐storey, single‐bay reinforced concrete (RC) moment frames, designed as per an outdated seismic code to represent a typical framing detail of a four‐storey building, have been tested under displacement‐controlled quasi‐static loading protocol as per ACI 374.1‐05. The RC frames include a plinth beam with brick infill underneath, a slab monolithically cast with the top beam and provision for applying axial load to the column to simulate real construction scenario. One of the frames has been tested as a bare frame, and the second one has been retrofitted with conventional steel braces designed to undergo in‐plane buckling. The size of the brace has been selected based on the result of a nonlinear time history analysis of representative low‐ to mid‐rise open‐ground storey RC buildings. Post‐installed chemical anchors have been utilized to connect the steel braces to the narrow RC frame members following the outcomes of an experimental investigation by the same authors. Local‐level retrofitting by steel jacketing using adhesives has been designed and utilized on columns and beams to achieve the desired seismic response. The seismic performance of the retrofitted frame has been compared with the bare frame in terms of strength, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation and hysteretic damping. The tests provide insight into the role of the plinth beam, effect of RC slab on the strong‐column weak‐beam aspect and the achievement of the desirable hinge mechanism through a precise design and detailing of global and local level retrofitting technique.
Two large‐scale, single‐storey, single‐bay reinforced concrete (RC) moment frames, designed as per an outdated seismic code to represent a typical framing detail of a four‐storey building, have been tested under displacement‐controlled quasi‐static loading protocol as per ACI 374.1‐05. The RC frames include a plinth beam with brick infill underneath, a slab monolithically cast with the top beam and provision for applying axial load to the column to simulate real construction scenario. One of the frames has been tested as a bare frame, and the second one has been retrofitted with conventional steel braces designed to undergo in‐plane buckling. The size of the brace has been selected based on the result of a nonlinear time history analysis of representative low‐ to mid‐rise open‐ground storey RC buildings. Post‐installed chemical anchors have been utilized to connect the steel braces to the narrow RC frame members following the outcomes of an experimental investigation by the same authors. Local‐level retrofitting by steel jacketing using adhesives has been designed and utilized on columns and beams to achieve the desired seismic response. The seismic performance of the retrofitted frame has been compared with the bare frame in terms of strength, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation and hysteretic damping. The tests provide insight into the role of the plinth beam, effect of RC slab on the strong‐column weak‐beam aspect and the achievement of the desirable hinge mechanism through a precise design and detailing of global and local level retrofitting technique.
Despite the advantages of reinforced concrete (RC) frame, they are susceptible to damages under seismic loading. This is due to the fact that the main elements of the RC frame carry the gravity load in addition to the lateral loading. So imposed seismic energy is dissipated through the two ends of the beam, making the repair of the element complicated due to the gravity load. Although adding concentrically braced frames (CBFs) improves the lateral strength and stiffness, the ductility of the system is reduced. This shortcoming is due to the susceptibility of the diagonal elements to buckling. To do so, in this paper, an innovative metallic damper was investigated numerically and parametrically. The damper compound of the shear plate is surrounded by two HSS sections at two ends. The damper pertains to simplicity of construction and implementation. Also, the required equation to design and prediction of the system is presented. To investigate the behavior of the system, dynamic (to consider its suitable performance against seismic expiation) and static analyses (to determine the structural parameters) were carried out. Results revealed that the HSS section used as flanges for the shear plate not only improves the behavior of the plate but also contributes to resisting the applied load. Also, the reduction of the length to the height ratio of the damper enhances the stiffness and strength and stiffness. Subsequently, the variable Ф was defined as the ratio of the strength of the flanges to the web plate that affects the response of the damper. Although raising the Ф reduced the stiffness and ultimate strength, it is suggested to design dampers with Ф > 2 to achieve suitable overstrength in accordance with economical aspects. Also, time‐history analysis indicated that the proposed damper prevents the buckling of the CBF elements and improves the energy‐dissipating capacity of the system.
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