Seismic Strengthening of the Bagh Durbar Heritage Building in Kathmandu Following the Gorkha Earthquake Sequence

Adhikari, Rabindra; Jha, Pratyush; Gautam, Dipendra; Fabbrocino, Giovanni

doi:10.3390/buildings9050128

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Nonetheless, numerical analysis itself is still a challenging issue, especially working with high-dimensional problems. [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure Analysis of Apennine Masonry Churches Severely Damaged during the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence

Clementi

2021

Buildings

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This paper presents a detailed study of the damages and collapses suffered by various masonry churches in the aftermath of the seismic sequence of Central Italy in 2016. The damages will first be analyzed and then compared with the numerical data obtained through 3D simulations with eigenfrequency and then nonlinear static analyses (i.e., pushover). The main purposes of this study are: (i) to create an adequately consistent sensitivity study on several definite case studies to obtain an insight into the role played by geometry—which is always unique when referred to churches—and by irregularities; (ii) validate or address the applicability limits of the more widespread nonlinear approach, widely recommended by the Italian Technical Regulations. Pushover analysis are conducted assuming that the masonry behaves as a nonlinear material with different tensile and compressive strengths. The consistent number of case studies investigated will show how conventional static approaches can identify, albeit in a qualitative way, the most critical macro-elements that usually trigger both global and local collapses, underlining once again how the phenomena are affected by the geometry of stones and bricks, the texture of the wall face, and irregularities in the plan and elevation and in addition to hypotheses made on the continuity between orthogonal walls.

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“…Nonetheless, numerical analysis itself is still a challenging issue, especially working with high-dimensional problems. [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure Analysis of Apennine Masonry Churches Severely Damaged during the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence

Clementi

2021

Buildings

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“…A large number of possible combinations generated by the geometry, nature, and arrangement of units as well as characteristics of mortar depict the variation of strength of strength of masonry. However, mechanical behavior of the different types of masonry has generally a common feature attributed to a very low tensile strength [9]. Homogenization of properties of materials is challenging due to the lack of uniformity within the masonry in a particular structure and difficulties in the replication of original characteristics of specimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-plane behavior of various brick bonds in masonry walls

Shrestha

Pradhan

Gautam

2020

Innov. Infrastruct. Solut.

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An analytical investigation is carried out to evaluate the influence of brick bond types in in-plane behavior of brick masonry. Header, Stretcher, and English bonds are chosen for numerical simulation for in-plane loading. For numerical modeling, simplified micro-modeling approach is adopted using plasticity-based constitutive models. Three-dimensional nonlinear simulations for the brick bonds for various aspect ratios and pre-compression are carried out in this study. The lateral in-plane displacement control loading is applied for each model until the ultimate failure. The sum of observations highlights that there would be no variation in the elastic behavior of various brick bonds. However, nonlinear analyses highlight that there would be significant variation in the behavior of masonry bonds the diagonal cracking would govern the failure mechanism mostly. Keywords Brick masonry • Brick bond • Compressive strength • In-plane behavior • Micro-modeling List of symbols H Height of wall L Length of wall E u Elastic modulus of units E m Elastic modulus of mortar E nn Elastic stiffness of masonry joints in the normal direction K ss Stiffness of masonry joints in the first shear direction K tt Stiffness of masonry joints in the second shear direction t n max Maximum allowable traction stress in masonry joints in the normal direction G f I Work done by the traction-separation in the normal directionG f II Work done by the traction-separation in the shear direction c Cohesion between the masonry joints interfaces μ Poisson's ratio of the masonry joints interfaces σ c Compressive strength of masonry

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“…(Gautam, 2017); (Gautam & Rodrigues, 2018)); however, experimental studies have not surfaced widely (e.g. (Adhikari, Jha, Gautam, & Fabbrocino, 2019)). Owing to the frequent seismic activities throughout the Himalayan arc, seismic safety of masonry buildings has emerged as a great concern throughout the Hindu Kush Himalayan region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, limited works could be found throughout the region (see e.g. (Ali et al, 2013); (Ahmad, Ali, Ashraf, Alam, & Naeem, 2012); (Ahmad, Ali, & Umar, 2012); (Gautam, 2018); (Adhikari et al, 2019); among others). It is obvious that the wide discrepancies in construction workmanship and materials may lead to a greater variation in properties of materials; thus, more dedicated studies are required for each masonry type, preferably in local scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%