“…Among several types of clay, bentonite is one of the most common and has many applications, including for the production of adsorbents, and cat litter, in the foundry industry, and is used in drilling and tunneling fluids to lubricate and cool cutting tools, removing cuttings and help prevent blowouts [21]. In addition, natural clays such as bentonite are useful natural and abundant adsorbent materials for removing heavy metals [22] and organic compounds due to their hydrophilic, high chemical stability, and cation exchange capacity [23,24]. However, using natural clays to remove rare earth elements is not very common [25,26].…”