Selected flavonoids and their role in the treatment of epilepsy – a review of the latest reports from experimental studies

Szala-Rycaj, Joanna; Zagaja, Mirosław; Szewczyk, Aleksandra; Andres-Mach, Marta

doi:10.21307/ane-2021-014

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Polyphenols a nd lavonoids may also be neuroprotective in epilepsy [244,245]. Polyphenols have been studied in animal models of seizures and epilepsy [246][247][248][249].…”

Section: Epilepsy and Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia

Madireddy¹,

Madireddy²

2022

J Neurosci Neurol Disord

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Neurological disorders are a significant cause of mortality and disability across the world. The current aging population and population expansion have seen an increase in the prevalence of neurological and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. These pose a significant societal burden, especially in low - and middle-income countries. Many neurological disorders have complex mechanisms and lack definitive cures; thus, improving our understanding of them is essential. The pathophysiology of neurological disorders often includes inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress processes, especially the generation of reactive oxygen species, are key mechanisms in the development of neurological disorders. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants that can counteract them. Through their impacts on the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, nutrients with anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antioxidative properties have been suggested to prevent or mitigate these disorders. Certain vitamins, minerals, polyphenols and flavonoids may have therapeutic effects as adjuvant treatments for neurological disorders. Diet quality is also a risk factor for some neurological and psychiatric disorders and addressing nutritional deficiencies may alleviate symptoms. Therefore, optimizing nutritional intake may represent a potential treatment or prevention strategy. This review summarizes a selection of promising nutrients for the prevention and amelioration of neurological disorders to provide a summary for scientists, clinicians and patients, which may improve understanding of the potential benefits of nutrients in the treatment of neurological disorders.

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“…Polyphenols a nd lavonoids may also be neuroprotective in epilepsy [244,245]. Polyphenols have been studied in animal models of seizures and epilepsy [246][247][248][249].…”

Section: Epilepsy and Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia

Madireddy¹,

Madireddy²

2022

J Neurosci Neurol Disord

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“…This suggests that high doses of cocoa flavanols did not alter SICI and that this difference was driven by a decrease in GABA A -mediated inhibition in the control low-flavanol group. Despite this, an effect of cocoa flavanols of SICI would align with their reported capacity to act as ligands to GABA A receptors [39,94,95], presumably explaining the therapeutic potential of flavonoids to treat depression and anxiety disorders [96], as well as epilepsy [97,98]. If this result were ascertained by future studies, one implication would be that flavanols alter intracortical GABA A -mediated inhibition when consumed chronically, but not acutely.…”

Section: Chronic Intervention: No Robust Effect Of Cocoa Flavanols On...mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As a result, one conservative interpretation is that 5-day chronic consumption of cocoa flavanols does not robustly alter corticospinal or intracortical excitability. However, because of their potential therapeutic applications [96][97][98], the possibility that cocoa flavanols alter GABA A -mediated inhibition in humans warrants future investigations with larger samples and/or populations who may be more susceptible to the benefits of dietary flavanols [4,83,87].…”

Section: Chronic Intervention: No Robust Effect Of Cocoa Flavanols On...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Cocoa Flavanols Do Not Alter Brain Excitability in Young Healthy Adults

Hamel,

Oyler,

Harms

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The ingestion of dietary cocoa flavanols acutely alters functions of the cerebral endothelium, but whether the effects of flavanols permeate beyond this to alter other brain functions remains unclear. Based on converging evidence, this work tested the hypothesis that cocoa flavanols would alter brain excitability in young healthy adults. In a randomised, cross-over, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess corticospinal and intracortical excitability before as well as 1 and 2 h post-ingestion of a beverage containing either high (695 mg flavanols, 150 mg (−)-epicatechin) or low levels (5 mg flavanols, 0 mg (−)-epicatechin) of cocoa flavanols. In addition to this acute intervention, the effects of a short-term chronic intervention where the same cocoa flavanol doses were ingested once a day for 5 consecutive days were also investigated. For both the acute and chronic interventions, the results revealed no robust alteration in corticospinal or intracortical excitability. One possibility is that cocoa flavanols yield no net effect on brain excitability, but predominantly alter functions of the cerebral endothelium in young healthy adults. Future studies should increase intervention durations to maximize the acute and chronic accumulation of flavanols in the brain, and further investigate if cocoa flavanols would be more effective at altering brain excitability in older adults and clinical populations than in younger adults.

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“…Polyphenols are compounds that can cross the BBB and serve as neuromodulators. Therefore, they are being considered for their potential to ameliorate CNS diseases [136,354,355]. In particular, polyphenols might be able to disrupt the course of epileptogenesis that gives rise to recurrent seizures [38].…”

Section: Polyphenols and Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation

Madireddy

2023

Brain Sciences

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Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder involving spontaneous and recurring seizures that affects 50 million individuals globally. Because approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to drug therapy, the development of new therapeutic strategies against epilepsy could be beneficial. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently observed in epilepsy. Additionally, neuroinflammation is increasingly understood to contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also recognized for its contributions to neuronal excitability and apoptosis, which can lead to neuronal loss in epilepsy. This review focuses on the roles of oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, NAPDH oxidase, the blood–brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation in the development of epilepsy. We also review the therapies used to treat epilepsy and prevent seizures, including anti-seizure medications, anti-epileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and antioxidant therapies. In addition, we review the use of neuromodulation and surgery in the treatment of epilepsy. Finally, we present the role of dietary and nutritional strategies in the management of epilepsy, including the ketogenic diet and the intake of vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. By reviewing available interventions and research on the pathophysiology of epilepsy, this review points to areas of further development for therapies that can manage epilepsy.

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Selected flavonoids and their role in the treatment of epilepsy – a review of the latest reports from experimental studies

Cited by 5 publications

References 73 publications

Nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia

Nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia

Dietary Cocoa Flavanols Do Not Alter Brain Excitability in Young Healthy Adults

Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation

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