Selecting Biological Reserves Cost-Effectively: An Application to Terrestrial Vertebrate Conservation in Oregon

Polasky, Stephen; Camm, Jeffrey D.; Garber-Yonts, Brian E.

doi:10.2307/3146981

Cited by 265 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They rely on patterns of species richness, endemism, threat, and/or degree of underrepresentation in existing protected areas networks (19)(20)(21)(22)(23). This is despite the substantial gains in efficiency demonstrated by the few studies at smaller scales that explicitly seek to minimize the cost of biodiversity conservation (13,(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Cost-effective priorities for global mammal conservation

Carwardine

Wilson

Ceballos

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

113

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Global biodiversity priority setting underpins the strategic allocation of conservation funds. In identifying the first comprehensive set of global priority areas for mammals, Ceballos et al. [Ceballos G, Ehrlich PR, Soberó n J, Salazar I, Fay JP (2005) Science 309:603-607] found much potential for conflict between conservation and agricultural human activity. This is not surprising because, like other global priority-setting approaches, they set priorities without socioeconomic objectives. Here we present a priority-setting framework that seeks to minimize the conflicts and opportunity costs of meeting conservation goals. We use it to derive a new set of priority areas for investment in mammal conservation based on (i) agricultural opportunity cost and biodiversity importance, (ii) current levels of international funding, and (iii) degree of threat. Our approach achieves the same biodiversity outcomes as Ceballos et al.'s while reducing the opportunity costs and conflicts with agricultural human activity by up to 50%. We uncover shortfalls in the allocation of conservation funds in many threatened priority areas, highlighting a global conservation challenge.biodiversity ͉ conservation planning ͉ investment ͉ socioeconomics

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mentioning

confidence: 93%

Cost-effective priorities for global mammal conservation

Carwardine

Wilson

Ceballos

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

113

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show abstract

“…L'objectif de la majorité des travaux en économie, notamment parmi les plus anciens, est d'explorer comment une agence publique dédiée à la politique de conservation de la biodiversité devrait affecter son budget de façon à en tirer le plus grand bénéfice social (Metrick et Weitzman, 1998 ;Polasky et Solow, 1999 ;Polasky et al, 2001). Le maximum théorique d'efficacité est atteint si on met en oeuvre toutes les actions de conservation qui ont un « coût unitaire » inférieur à un certain montant défini en fonction du budget et de la liste des actions possibles.…”

Section: Rationaliser La Stratégie De Conservationunclassified

Dossier « Le réveil du dodo III » - Évaluer la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques : pourquoi, comment et avec quels résultats ?

Salles

2010

Nat. Sci. Soc.

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Mots-clés :biodiversité ; choix collectifs ; évaluation économique ; politiques de conservation ; services écosystémiques.Résumé -L'évaluation de la biodiversité et des services liés aux écosystèmes est actuellement l'objet de nombreux travaux et d'un large débat. Afin de dépasser les oppositions, il importe de comprendre ce que signifie vraiment l'évaluation économique pour en cerner l'intérêt et les limites. Le nécessaire élargissement de la notion de valeur qu'implique une analyse appropriée de ces services a donné lieu à une pluralité de méthodes, parfois durement contestées. L'objet de cet article est de préciser certains termes de ces débats, tant conceptuels que méthodologiques, ainsi que le choix des objets à évaluer, en les resituant par rapport aux objectifs très différents que peuvent poursuivre les évaluations. Keywords:biodiversity; collective choices; economic valuation; conservation policies; ecosystem services Abstract -Biodiversity and ecosystem services valuation: for which purpose, how and with which results? The valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is the subject of many studies and extensive debate. To overcome problems of principle, the real meaning of economic evaluation must be clarified in order to identify its advantages and limitations. An appropriate analysis of these services implied extending the concept of value and has given rise to a plurality of methods that may be strongly challenged. The purpose of this paper is to clarify some terms of these debates. There are reasons for being reluctant to give a price index to Nature's services, but its conservation entails costs, at least opportunity costs. Most valuation methods rest upon individual preferences, either revealed by concrete behaviours, or stated during interviews, and this is clearly an issue for items agents are not familiar with or do not perceive clearly the benefits. Finally, valuing biodiversity through ecosystem services might lead to underestimate some major parts of what constitutes biodiversity social value. These issues have to be replaced in relation to the very different objectives that may further the actual valuations. The paper concludes that valuation can offer quite a valuable contribution to conservation policies, but since the relation between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being remains poorly understood, that it is a far too important stake to let economists alone in facing these puzzles.

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“…Most studies estimating opportunity costs for conservation assume that land prices do not change regardless of the amount of land allocated to priority areas for conservation (e.g., [3,33,52]). Total land costs are computed by simply multiplying the required hectares of land area with current land rents or prices as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Land Market Feedbacks and Marginal Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ando et al [3] show that the cost per conservation site under cost minimization can be less than one sixth of that under the site-minimizing solution. As marketable land values differ, regional priorities change under cost minimization [8,30,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Land Market Feedbacks into Conservation Planning—A Mathematical Programming Approach

Jantke

Schneider

2010

Environ Model Assess

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Nature reserves are often designated ad hoc. Despite increasing conservation efforts, loss of biodiversity is still accelerating. Considering land scarcity and demand for alternative uses, efficiency in conservation strongly correlates with efficiency in land allocation. Systematic conservation planning can effectively prioritize conservation activities. Previous studies minimize opportunity costs for given conservation targets. However, these studies assume constant marginal costs of habitat protection. We extend this cost minimization approach by also considering a dynamic representation of marginal costs. The more land is allocated to nature reserves, the higher are opportunity costs, i.e., costs of forgone agricultural production. This increase in costs results from changes in the prices of agricultural commodities. We employ a deterministic, spatially explicit mathematical optimization model to allocate species habitats by minimizing opportunity costs for setting aside land for conservation purposes. The model is designed as a mixed integer programming problem and solved with GAMS/CPLEX. Our results show the need for integrating land market feedbacks into conservation planning. We find that ignoring land rent adjustments can lead to highly cost-ineffective solutions in reserve selection.

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Selecting Biological Reserves Cost-Effectively: An Application to Terrestrial Vertebrate Conservation in Oregon

Cited by 265 publications

References 28 publications

Cost-effective priorities for global mammal conservation

Cost-effective priorities for global mammal conservation

Dossier « Le réveil du dodo III » - Évaluer la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques : pourquoi, comment et avec quels résultats ?

Integrating Land Market Feedbacks into Conservation Planning—A Mathematical Programming Approach

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