Selecting plants with increased total polyphenol oxidases in the genus Trifolium

Jakešová, Hana; Řepková, Jana; Nedĕlník, J.; Hampel, David; Dluhošová, Jana; Soldánová, Martina; Ošťádalová, Martina

doi:10.17221/107/2015-cjgpb

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…In this respect, the Fabaceae are distinguished by isoflavones, which function as antioxidants, phytoestrogens, and antimicrobial compounds. The benefits of protecting plant proteins from degradation in the rumen by means of polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) have been established in some fodder crops, and red clover contains PPOs in significant quantities (Jones et al, 1995 ; Jakešová et al, 2015 ). There is also an increasing need to develop molecular markers for resistance genes or components relating to nitrogen fixation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Classification and Mining of Molecular Markers Useful in Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Breeding

et al. 2017

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Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is an important forage plant worldwide. This study was directed to broadening current knowledge of red clover's coding regions and enhancing its utilization in practice by specific reanalysis of previously published assembly. A total of 42,996 genes were characterized using Illumina paired-end sequencing after manual revision of Blast2GO annotation. Genes were classified into metabolic and biosynthetic pathways in response to biological processes, with 7,517 genes being assigned to specific pathways. Moreover, 17,727 enzymatic nodes in all pathways were described. We identified 6,749 potential microsatellite loci in red clover coding sequences, and we characterized 4,005 potential simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers as generating polymerase chain reaction products preferentially within 100-350 bp. Marker density of 1 SSR marker per 12.39 kbp was achieved. Aligning reads against predicted coding sequences resulted in the identification of 343,027 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, providing marker density of one SNP marker per 144.6 bp. Altogether, 95 SSRs in coding sequences were analyzed for 50 red clover varieties and a collection of 22 highly polymorphic SSRs with pooled polymorphism information content >0.9 was generated, thus obtaining primer pairs for application to diversity studies in T. pratense. A set of 8,623 genome-wide distributed SNPs was developed and used for polymorphism evaluation in individual plants. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0 to 0.375. Temperature switch PCR was successfully used in single-marker SNP genotyping for targeted coding sequences and for heterozygosity or homozygosity confirmation in validated five loci. Predicted large sets of SSRs and SNPs throughout the genome are key to rapidly implementing genome-based breeding approaches, for identifying genes underlying key traits, and for genome-wide association studies. Detailed knowledge of genetic relationships among breeding material can also be useful for breeders in planning crosses or for plant variety protection. Single-marker assays are useful for diagnostic applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Classification and Mining of Molecular Markers Useful in Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Breeding

et al. 2017

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Oxidatively Active Plant Phenolics Detected by UHPLC-DAD-MS after Enzymatic and Alkaline Oxidation

et al. 2018

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We developed a combination of methods to estimate the alkaline oxidative conditions of the midgut of insect larvae and to reveal the alkaline and enzymatic oxidative activities for individual phenolic compounds present in the larval host plants. First, we monitored the in vitro isomerization of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) into 3-CQA, 4-CQA and 5-CQA at pH 9.0-11.0. Then we calculated the isomer ratios of 3-CQA, 4-CQA and 5-CQA from the frass of eight species of insect herbivores fed on foliage containing 5-CQA. The isomer ratios suggested that the midgut pH of these larvae ranged from 9.4 to around 10.1. Second, we developed an in situ enzymatic oxidation method that enabled oxidation of phenolics in a frozen plant sample at 30 °C by species- and tissue-specific enzymes. Then we measured the alkaline and enzymatic oxidative activities of the individual phenolics in 20 plant species by quantifying the proportion of the compound concentration lost due to the auto-oxidation of a plant extract at pH 10 and due to the enzymatic oxidation of the frozen plant sample at 30 °C. Our results showed that both of the oxidative activity types depended primarily on the type of phenolic compound, but the enzymatic oxidative activity depended also on the plant species and tissue type. This combination of methods offers an approach to characterize a wide array of phenolics that are susceptible to oxidation by the plant enzymes and/or by the alkaline conditions estimated to prevail in the insect midgut. We propose that these kinds of compound-specific results could guide future studies on specific plant-herbivore interactions to focus on the phenolics that are likely to be active rather than inactive plant phenolics.

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Selecting plants with increased total polyphenol oxidases in the genus Trifolium

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Gene Classification and Mining of Molecular Markers Useful in Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Breeding

Gene Classification and Mining of Molecular Markers Useful in Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Breeding

Oxidatively Active Plant Phenolics Detected by UHPLC-DAD-MS after Enzymatic and Alkaline Oxidation

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