Selecting Ultracapacitors for Smoothing Voltage Deviations in Local Grids Fed by Transformer with Tap-Changer and Distributed PV Facilities

Sorkin, Oz; Farber, Eliyahu; Averbukh, Moshe

doi:10.3390/electronics8030357

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The requirements to provide essential diminishment of power deviations with minimal cost leads to the use of UC banks comprised of m-parallel branches of n-serially connected individual cells. The practical selection of the required UC cells utilize a special approximating procedure, see [3]. The selection procedure considers the capacitance and internal resistance of each cell.…”

Section: Application Of Ucs For Filtering Power Fluctuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various research groups have undertaken the development of ultracapacitors (UCs) for applications in which significant energy is needed in pulse form [1][2][3]. One of the specific applications is temporary electrical storage in order to improve the quality of electricity distribution lines connected with photovoltaic (PV) solar power generation facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Study on Dynamic Parameters of Symmetric and Asymmetric Ultracapacitors

et al. 2019

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Electrical storage components such as ultracapacitors (UC) have received significant attention from various industrial sectors, from electric vehicles to renewable power plants. This article presents the investigations on dynamic properties of asymmetric Li-ion hybrid (CPQ2300S: 2300 F, 2.2-3.8 V, JSR Co., Tokyo, Japan) and symmetric double-layer (BCAP3400: 3400 F, 2.85 V, Maxwell Technologies Co., San Diego, CA, USA) ultracapacitors. The internal resistance and capacitance of both UCs were slightly changed with respect to current and voltage alterations, but these changes were more prominent for the Li-ion UC. The internal resistance of the Li-ion UC became five times larger and its capacitance decreased significantly when the temperature decreased from +25 • C to −20 • C. More importantly, the double-layer UC exhibited nearly constant capacitance for a wide range of temperature changes (0 • C to −40 • C), although internal resistance increased somewhat. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of both UCs was performed for the frequency range of 1 Hz-1 kHz and in the temperature range from −15 • C to +30 • C. It was observed that the temperature effects were much more pronounced for the asymmetric Li-ion UC than that of the symmetric double-layer UC. This work also proposes an improved equivalent circuit model based on an infinite number of resistance-capacitance (r-C) chains. The characteristic behavior of symmetric UCs can be explained precisely by the proposed model. This model is also applicable to asymmetric UCs, but with less precision. similar asymmetric UCs are also applicable to pulsed electric power sources [12,13]. Piórkowski et al. presented a case study about the application of UCs in hybrid systems including an engine start module (ESM), a photovoltaic (PV) module, a battery, and an internal combustion engine (ICE) [14]. In continuation, the hybrid model control strategy was proposed for a double active bridge-based supercapacitor energy storage system [15]. More importantly, the service lifetime of UCs is three times higher compared to electrochemical storage batteries (e.g., Li-ion or lead-acid) although UCs are relatively bulky and voluminous [16]. Consequently, there is a lack of accurate information regarding the ability of Li-ion UCs to provide voltage and current during charge-discharge cycles. Previously, a significant number of experimental investigations were carried out [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] in order to understand the characteristic behavior of UCs. Different direct measurement methods for the evaluation of UC parameters were also proposed [16][17][18][19][20]. A comprehensive review of characterization methods for supercapacitor modeling and general parameter identification techniques were also discussed [21,22].A significant amount of effort has been made to describe dynamic UC behavior using different types of equivalent circuits [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Some works presented modeling approaches based on electrochemical explanations of UC performance [31][32][33...

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Section: Application Of Ucs For Filtering Power Fluctuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Study on Dynamic Parameters of Symmetric and Asymmetric Ultracapacitors

et al. 2019

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“…VREs can also impact system voltage indirectly: electronic devices and non-linear appliances usually inject harmonics to the network, which are minimized by current control systems on conventional power generators, while VREs' incapability of absorbing such harmonics can potentially cause voltage distortion [13]. From the other side, active power control is not widely used by wind and solar generators currently, and this diminishes system inertia.…”

Section: Renewable Energy Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Residential Load Forecasting Using Deep Learning and Image Encoding Techniques

Estebsari

Rajabi

2020

Electronics

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The integration of more renewable energy resources into distribution networks makes the operation of these systems more challenging compared to the traditional passive networks. This is mainly due to the intermittent behavior of most renewable resources such as solar and wind generation. There are many different solutions being developed to make systems flexible such as energy storage or demand response. In the context of demand response, a key factor is to estimate the amount of load over time properly to better manage the demand side. There are many different forecasting methods, but the most accurate solutions are mainly found for the prediction of aggregated loads at the substation or building levels. However, more effective demand response from the residential side requires prediction of energy consumption at every single household level. The accuracy of forecasting loads at this level is often lower with the existing methods as the volatility of single residential loads is very high. In this paper, we present a hybrid method based on time series image encoding techniques and a convolutional neural network. The results of the forecasting of a real residential customer using different encoding techniques are compared with some other existing forecasting methods including SVM, ANN, and CNN. Without CNN, the lowest mean absolute percentage of error (MAPE) for a 15 min forecast is above 20%, while with existing CNN, directly applied to time series, an MAPE of around 18% could be achieved. We find the best image encoding technique for time series, which could result in higher accuracy of forecasting using CNN, an MAPE of around 12%.

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“…In recent days, photovoltaic (PV) power systems are becoming an important component to fulfill energy demands. Several PV power systems are connected with the local grids, and the simultaneous operation of these PV systems provokes voltage instabilities in the distribution lines [1,2]. These voltage fluctuations can occur over the permissible limits and are not allowed for standard devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, several solutions have been proposed to prevent voltage instabilities in the distribution lines [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. These solutions have suggested to use reactive power in distribution lines during voltage instabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control the Voltage Instabilities of Distribution Lines using Capacitive Reactive Power

et al. 2020

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The voltage instabilities in the distribution lines are primarily related to the integration of photovoltaic power plants with the local grids. Conventional tap-changers cannot compensate for the rapid disparities between generated and consumed power because of sluggish dynamic response. This article presents an effective method and control algorithm to improve the voltage instabilities of distribution lines. Analytical calculation confirms that the application of capacitive reactive power on load is beneficial to keep the voltage at the permissible level. Importantly, the severe concern about the current increment with voltage enhancement is also addressed. The dynamic behavior during capacitance switching is studied using simulation experiments. It is suggested that capacitance is connected to the load for the only time of voltage drop until the transformation ratio changes to the desired level. This article provides an explanation and solution for voltage deviations of electricity distribution lines in steady-state and dynamic modes.

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Selecting Ultracapacitors for Smoothing Voltage Deviations in Local Grids Fed by Transformer with Tap-Changer and Distributed PV Facilities

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Comprehensive Study on Dynamic Parameters of Symmetric and Asymmetric Ultracapacitors

Comprehensive Study on Dynamic Parameters of Symmetric and Asymmetric Ultracapacitors

Single Residential Load Forecasting Using Deep Learning and Image Encoding Techniques

Control the Voltage Instabilities of Distribution Lines using Capacitive Reactive Power

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