Selection for growth rate or against back fat thickness in pigs is associated with changes in growth hormone axis plasma protein concentration and mRNA level

Pas, M.F.W. te; Freriksen, J.W.M; Bijnen, A.J.H.M van; Gerritsen, Charlotte; Bosch, Thomas; Harders, Fabian; Verburg, F.J.; Visscher, A.H.; Greef, K.H. de

doi:10.1016/s0739-7240(01)00094-7

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Further, skeletal muscle IGFBP2 mRNA levels were positively related to plasma IGFBP-2, but negatively related to hepatic IGFBP2 mRNA levels, BW, ADG and FCE. These findings are in agreement with results that (1) muscle IGFBP levels were significantly lower in gilts bred for enhanced growth performance [ 3 – 6 , 46 ], (2) hepatic IGFBP expression was higher in slow growing breeds than in fast-growing breeds of pigs [ 48 ], and (3) hepatic IGFBP expression was negatively related to ADG and 9-wk BW in average nursery pigs [ 49 ]. Thus, it is likely that binding of IGFBP to IGF-1 might inhibit the action of IGF-1 in these animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Selection for growth rate and body size have altered the expression profiles of somatotropic axis genes in chickens

et al. 2018

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The growth hormone / insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) pathway of the somatotropic axis is the major controller for growth rate and body size in vertebrates, but the effect of selection on the expression of GH/IGF-1 somatotropic axis genes and their association with body size and growth performance in farm animals is not fully understood. We analyzed a time series of expression profiles of GH/IGF-1 somatotropic axis genes in two chicken breeds, the Daweishan mini chickens and Wuding chickens, and the commercial Avian broilers hybrid exhibiting markedly different body sizes and growth rates. We found that growth rate and feed conversion efficiency in Daweishan mini chickens were significantly lower than those in Wuding chickens and Avian broilers. The Wuding and Daweishan mini chickens showed higher levels of plasma GH, pituitary GH mRNA but lower levels of hepatic growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA than in Avian broilers. Daweishan mini chickens showed significantly lower levels of plasma IGF-1, thigh muscle and hepatic IGF-1 mRNA than did Avian broilers and Wuding chickens. These results suggest that the GH part of the somatotropic axis is the main regulator of growth rate, while IGF-1 may regulate both growth rate and body weight. Selection for growth performance and body size have altered the expression profiles of somatotropic axis genes in a breed-, age-, and tissue-specific manner, and manner, and alteration of regulatory mechanisms of these genes might play an important role in the developmental characteristics of chickens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that both IGF-1 and IGF-2 stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells through their interactions with the IGF receptors (IGFRs) [ 15 ]. Consequently, the somatotropic axis genes can be promising targets for improving meat yield in cattle and pigs [ 3 – 6 , 8 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection for growth rate and body size have altered the expression profiles of somatotropic axis genes in chickens

et al. 2018

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“…Clearly, the GH-IGF system is highly responsive to growth selection; specific effects have been described on the level of DNA, mRNA, and protein with respect to the GH-IGF system in model animals or farm animals [11][12][13][14][15], and many of these studies have particularly addressed the biomarker potential of IGF-1 or assessed single time points. In human subjects, longitudinal concentrations have been provided both for IGF-1 [16] and for IGFBP-3 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlap of Peak Growth Activity and Peak IGF-1 to IGFBP Ratio: Delayed Increase of IGFBPs Versus IGF-1 in Serum as a Mechanism to Speed up and down Postnatal Weight Gain in Mice

Walz

Chau

Walz

et al. 2020

Cells

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Forced expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in transgenic mice has clearly revealed inhibitory effects on somatic growth. However, by this approach, it cannot be solved if or how IGFBPs rule insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent growth under normal conditions. In order to address this question, we have used growth-selected mouse models (obese and lean) and studied IGF-1 and IGFBPs in serum with respect to longitudinal growth activity in males and females compared with unselected controls. In mice of both genders, body weights were recorded and daily weight gains were calculated. Between 2 and 54 weeks of age, serum IGF-1 was determined by ELISA and intact IGFBP-2, -3 and -4 were quantified by Western ligand blotting. The molar ratio of IGF-1 to the sum of IGFBP-2 to -4 was calculated for all groups and plotted against the daily weight gain curve. Growth-selected mice are characterized by higher daily weight gains and extended periods of elevated growth activity if compared to matched unselected controls. Therefore, adult mice from the obese and lean groups can achieve more than twofold increased body weight in both genders (p < 0.001). Between 2 and 11 weeks of age, in obese and lean mice of both genders, serum IGF-1 concentrations are increased more prominently if compared to unselected controls (p < 0.001). Instead, substantial decreases of IGFBPs, particularly of IGFBP-2, are observed in males and females of all groups at the age of 2 to 4 weeks (p < 0.001). Due to the strong increase of IGF-1 but not of IGFBPs between two and four weeks of age, the ratio of IGF-1 to IGFBP-2 to -4 in serum significantly increased in all groups and genders (p < 0.05). Notably, the IGF-1 to IGFBP ratio was higher in male and female obese mice if compared to unselected controls (p < 0.05).

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“…Changes in circulating levels of metabolic hormones due to genetic selection were evaluated by measuring hormone levels at each generation of pigs selected for growth rate or against backfat (te Pas et al, 2001) or, more convincingly, by comparing contemporary pigs selected for divergent performance regarding feed intake, growth rate or backfat (Cameron et al, 2003a and2003b). Regarding plasma IGF-I, te Pas et al (2001) did not see any differences between lines of pigs, whereas Cameron et al (2003a) observed higher levels in pigs selected for high daily food intake or lean tissue growth.…”

Section: Challenges At Weaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

High physiological demands in intensively raised pigs: impact on health and welfare

Prunier

Heinonen

Quesnel

2010

Animal

105

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Genetic selection and better control of the environment of the pigs have resulted in increased production levels concerning both reproduction and growth. Such high performances imply high physiological demands that may deteriorate health and welfare. The aims of this paper are to review the physiological challenges that pigs are facing, to identify possible consequences on health and welfare, to propose ways of detecting and correcting problems whenever possible. At weaning, piglets are submitted to abrupt changes in food supply, housing and social environment. Behavioural changes and efficient adaptations of the digestive tract are critical for their health and welfare. Physiological demands to support these adaptations and risks of failure are inversely related to the age of the pigs. During fattening, modern pigs have high daily weight gain especially of lean tissue as well as elevated feed conversion rate. These high growth performances are suspected to favour stress and disease susceptibility, undesirable behaviours as well as leg weakness, but further experimental data are necessary to validate these effects and find their origin. In reproductive females, high prolificacy generates elevated foetal demands for nutrients and space that are not fully met as shown by an increased number of light piglets having difficulties to adapt successfully to the neonatal life. During lactation, sows with high milk production have high nutrient requirements leading to intense catabolism that may affect their health, welfare and future reproductive abilities.

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Selection for growth rate or against back fat thickness in pigs is associated with changes in growth hormone axis plasma protein concentration and mRNA level

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Selection for growth rate and body size have altered the expression profiles of somatotropic axis genes in chickens

Selection for growth rate and body size have altered the expression profiles of somatotropic axis genes in chickens

Overlap of Peak Growth Activity and Peak IGF-1 to IGFBP Ratio: Delayed Increase of IGFBPs Versus IGF-1 in Serum as a Mechanism to Speed up and down Postnatal Weight Gain in Mice

High physiological demands in intensively raised pigs: impact on health and welfare

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