Selection of extraction medium influences cytotoxicity of zinc and its alloys

Li, Ping; Schille, Christine; Schweizer, Ernst; Kimmerle-Müller, Evi; Rupp, Frank; Heiss, Alexander; Legner, Claudia; Klotz, Ulrich; Geis‐Gerstorfer, Jürgen; Scheideler, Lutz

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.013

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Analysis of sample extracts revealed that the concentrations of the metallic ions Ag 2+ , Au 2+ , V 2+ were extremely low, under the detection limit. Thus, cytotoxicity was mainly attributed to the Zn 2+ concentration in the extracts, as previously reported [18,29,30]. In this study, the mean Zn 2+ concentration in 100% extracts of DMEM + 10% FBS and McCoy's 5A + 15% FBS were 738.9 μM and 313.7 μM, respectively, which was far beyond most cellular tolerance limits, such as, e.g., for L929 fibroblasts (< 80 μM) [30], U-2 OS osteoblast (< 120 μM) [30], vascular smooth muscle cells (< 80 μM) [48], and primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (< 100 μM) [49].…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…A semi-static immersion test was performed in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS, Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) at 37 ± 1 • C for 49 days, according to ISO 10271: 2011 [27]. The composition of DPBS is listed in Table 1 and compared to the human extracellular fluid [28,29]. The Zn-Ag-Au-V alloys were immersed in DPBS with a ratio of surface area to solution volume of 1.0 cm 2 /mL, and pure Zn as a control.…”

Section: Immersion Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1. Main composition of the employed solutions compared with the human extracellular fluid [28,29].…”

Section: Immersion Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports underline the excellent biocompatibility of Zn-based alloys when implanted into vessels (intravascular) or bone (endosseous) in animal studies [13,14,42]. However, Zn and its alloys exhibited apparent cytotoxic effects observed in in vitro tests [17,29,47]. It can be stated that there was an obvious discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo results concerning biocompatibility of Zn-based alloys, probably due to the different degradation environments in vivo: Tissue, cells, blood flow, etc.…”

Section: In Vitro Degradation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a Zn–2Ag–1.8Au–0.2V Alloy for Absorbable Biocompatible Materials

Li¹,

Schille²,

Schweizer³

et al. 2019

Materials

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Zinc (Zn) and Zn-based alloys have been proposed as a new generation of absorbable metals mainly owing to the moderate degradation behavior of zinc between magnesium and iron. Nonetheless, mechanical strength of pure Zn is relatively poor, making it insufficient for the majority of clinical applications. In this study, a novel Zn–2Ag–1.8Au–0.2V (wt.%) alloy (Zn–Ag–Au–V) was fabricated and investigated for use as a potential absorbable biocompatible material. Microstructural characterization indicated an effective grain-refining effect on the Zn alloy after a thermomechanical treatment. Compared to pure Zn, the Zn–Ag–Au–V alloy showed significantly enhanced mechanical properties, with a yield strength of 168 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 233 MPa, and an elongation of 17%. Immersion test indicated that the degradation rate of the Zn–Ag–Au–V alloy in Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline was approximately 7.34 ± 0.64 μm/year, thus being slightly lower than that of pure Zn. Biocompatibility tests with L929 and Saos-2 cells showed a moderate cytotoxicity, alloy extracts at 16.7%, and 10% concentration did not affect metabolic activity and cell proliferation. Plaque formation in vitro was reduced, the Zn–Ag–Au–V surface inhibited adhesion and biofilm formation by the early oral colonizer Streptococcus gordonii, indicating antibacterial properties of the alloy.

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Section: Cytotoxicity Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Immersion Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1. Main composition of the employed solutions compared with the human extracellular fluid [28,29].…”

Section: Immersion Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro Degradation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of a Zn–2Ag–1.8Au–0.2V Alloy for Absorbable Biocompatible Materials

Li¹,

Schille²,

Schweizer³

et al. 2019

Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The electrochemical testing includes standard potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies of these materials. In vitro degradation of Zn-based materials in various corrosion mediums has been investigated in recent years, including Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, simulated body fluid (SBF), and Ringer's Saline Solution (RSS) [ 148 , 254 , 255 ]. Genuine human plasma and blood were also used in a few studies [ 256 , 257 ].…”

Section: Corrosion Mechanisms and Degradation Behaviors Of Pure Zn Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives

Kabir

Munir

Wen

et al. 2021

Bioactive Materials

237

143

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Biodegradable metals (BMs) gradually degrade in vivo by releasing corrosion products once exposed to the physiological environment in the body. Complete dissolution of biodegradable implants assists tissue healing, with no implant residues in the surrounding tissues. In recent years, three classes of BMs have been extensively investigated, including magnesium (Mg)-based, iron (Fe)-based, and zinc (Zn)-based BMs. Among these three BMs, Mg-based materials have undergone the most clinical trials. However, Mg-based BMs generally exhibit faster degradation rates, which may not match the healing periods for bone tissue, whereas Fe-based BMs exhibit slower and less complete in vivo degradation. Zn-based BMs are now considered a new class of BMs due to their intermediate degradation rates, which fall between those of Mg-based BMs and Fe-based BMs, thus requiring extensive research to validate their suitability for biomedical applications. In the present study, recent research and development on Zn-based BMs are reviewed in conjunction with discussion of their advantages and limitations in relation to existing BMs. The underlying roles of alloy composition, microstructure, and processing technique on the mechanical and corrosion properties of Zn-based BMs are also discussed.

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A Dose‐Dependent Spatiotemporal Response of Angiogenesis Elicited by Zn Biodegradation during the Initial Stage of Bone Regeneration

Tan,

Li,

Sun

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The indispensable role of zinc (Zn) in bone metabolism endows biodegradable Zn‐based materials with the bioactivity to facilitate bone regeneration in bone trauma. However, the impact of Zn biodegradation on the progress of bone repair remains to be unfolded, especially the angiogenesis, which plays a vital role in the subsequent bone regeneration. It is found that a consistent dose‐dependent spatiotemporal response of angiogenesis is induced by Zn biodegradation both in vivo and in vitro. In a critical bone defect model, the intensity of Zn release due to biodegradation increases over the 3 to 10 days postoperative. Meanwhile, the area ratio of the CD31‐positive area around the Zn implant is significantly higher than that of the Ti implant at day 10, indicating enhanced angiogenesis. Furthermore, the angiogenesis shows a distance‐dependent feature that correlates well with the intensity distribution of the Zn signal from the Zn implant. In vitro, Zn extraction promotes the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and upregulates the key gene for tube formation HIF‐1α and VEGF‐A, with a peak concentration of 22.5 μм. Additionally, Zn concentration in the range of 11.25‐45 μм promotes M0‐type macrophage polarization towards the M2‐type while inhibiting the polarization towards the M1‐type. The findings here provide essential information for a better understanding of the biological effects of Zn on bone repair.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Selection of extraction medium influences cytotoxicity of zinc and its alloys

Cited by 74 publications

References 44 publications

Evaluation of a Zn–2Ag–1.8Au–0.2V Alloy for Absorbable Biocompatible Materials

Evaluation of a Zn–2Ag–1.8Au–0.2V Alloy for Absorbable Biocompatible Materials

Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives

A Dose‐Dependent Spatiotemporal Response of Angiogenesis Elicited by Zn Biodegradation during the Initial Stage of Bone Regeneration

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