Selections for fenpyroximate resistance and susceptibility, and inheritance, cross-resistance and stability of fenpyroximate resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (green-form) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a worldwide pest of many plant species, including several agricultural crops (Flechtmann, 1985; Tomczyk and Kropczyńska, 1985). This tetranychid mite is one of the most important pests of strawberry (Chiavegato and Mischan, 1981) and causes significant damage to various other crops, such as apple, peach, papaya, kidney bean, cotton and ornamental plants in Brazil (Flechtmann, 1985). The ability of T. urticae to develop resistance to several acaricides has caused problems in many countries involved in agricultural production during the past 40 years (

Abamectin resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae): selection, cross-resistance and stability of resistance

“…Stability of acaricide resistance has been studied for several compounds in T. urticae and other species of mites (Inoue 1980, Sato et al 2004, Stumpf & Nauen 2002. Dicofol resistance was shown to be unstable in Panonychus citri (McGregor), in the absence of selection pressure (Inoue 1980).…”

“…Failure in the chemical control of T. urticae caused by resistance have been reported in several countries for compounds, such as organophosphates (Sato et al 1994), dicofol (FergussonKolmes et al 1991), organotins (Edge & James 1986, Flexner et al 1988; hexythiazox , clofentezine ; fenpyroximate (Stumpf & Nauen 2001, Sato et al 2004) and abamectin (Beers et al 1998).…”

Gut-content analysis of predatory phytoseiid mites using fluorescent-labeled polymerase chain reaction: age of spider-mite eggs influences detection rates

“…The historically heavy usage of acaricides has caused spider mites to develop resistance against chemical pesticides (e.g., Dennehy et al, 1987;Nauen et al, 2001;Osakabe et al, 2009;Sato et al, 2004;Nauen, 2001, 2002;Van Leeuwen et al, 2004), leading to increasing interest in biological control methods. Several phytoseiid mite species (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are candidates for natural enemies of spider mites.…”

Ethanol extract of Cymbopogon winterianus on mortality and number of eggs of Tetranychus urticae

“…Control of the mite may be accomplished through the application of synthetic acaricides (SATO et al, 2004). However, the resistance of this pest to such products has stimulated the search for new control methods, which include the use of plant species with insecticidal and acaricidal properties.…”