Selective adsorption of modified nucleoside cancer biomarkers by hybrid molecularly imprinted adsorbents

Abstract

Modified adenosine nucleosides have been proposed to be potential DNA-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of tumor and a promising tool for the development of noninvasive prediction systems. However, the low concentration of modified adenosine nucleosides in physiological fluids makes them challenging for both quantitative and qualitative determination. Therefore, materials, which are potentially useful for selective adsorption of nucleobase-containing compounds, were obtained. To obtain the adsorbents, the silica gel particles were coated layer-by-layer with films of the polymers with different combinations of polymers containing thymine groups. Next, the microspheres were irradiated with UV light in the presence of 2'-deoxyadenosine or 5'-deoxy-5'-(methylthio)adenosine, as template molecules, which resulted in the photodimerization of thymine moieties and molecular imprinting of adsorbed modified adenosine compounds. The selectivity of the adsorption was significantly enhanced by the photoimprinting process. Eventually, the imprinted particles have shown an improved ability to recognize mainly 2'-deoxyadenosine and 5'-deoxy-5'-(methylthio)adenosine molecules. The best performing adsorbent was obtained using modified natural polysaccharides. The studied materials could serve as promising adsorbents of biomarkers for tumor diagnostics.

MIP-Based Sensors: Promising New Tools for Cancer Biomarker Determination

“…Consequently, an increased excretion of abnormal amounts of modified nucleosides in the urine of cancer patients can be observed. Therefore, modified nucleosides are widely regarded as potential tumor biomarkers [99,100]. Recently, Zhang et al have reported that the intracellular fluctuations of six endogenous nucleotide levels (AMP, UDP, CTP, ATP, UTP, and GMP) were significantly higher in cancer cells [101].…”

Novel adsorptive materials by adenosine 5ʹ‐triphosphate imprinted‐polymer over the surface of polystyrene nanospheres for selective separation of adenosine 5ʹ‐triphosphate biomarker from urine

“…To further confirm this study, the same samples were studied with HPLC (Supporting Information ). The ATP (retention time 13.04 min) was not found in the urine sample because of the dilution or other metabolite nucleotides/nucleosides . However, some additional peaks with small concentrations such as uric acid, creatinine, etc.…”

“…MIP is highly advantageous, so an artificial recognition unit was considered for the fabrication of bioassay with regards as a means to benefit a replacement for biological antibodies in medical diagnostic and bioassays, and in a wide array of other analytical techniques. In particular, MIPs are widely used as sorbents for SPE applications . The surface imprinting technique is a potential technique to improve the template transfer efficiency from the molecularly imprinted materials.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

“…Many MIP biomarker-targeted sensors ,,,,− were developed to test for the presence of a carcinoma. Other interesting MIP biomarker-templated systems were targeted to the presence of an active infection or a specific diseased organ.…”