Selective Attention and Working Memory Under Spatial Disorientation in a Flight Simulator

Stróżak, Paweł; Francuz, Piotr; Lewkowicz, Rafał; Augustynowicz, Paweł; Fudali-Czyż, Agnieszka; Bałaj, Bibianna; Truszczyński, Olaf

doi:10.1080/24721840.2018.1486195

Cited by 13 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This may explain the relatively high percentage of attentive blank stare found in visual flights, as these visual flight conditions may require more looking outside a cockpit (Figure 6). Stróżak et al (2018) found that the pilots' cognitive impairment mainly occurred in the applied vestibular SD-conflict flights. So, vestibular SD-conflicts might be the only ones that worsened the performance of the additional visual task, even though they evoke a weaker SD effect regarding pilot flight performance (see CREs, Figure 4) in comparison to visual SD-conflicts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It was impossible to generate a large number of VDDT trials, especially taking into account the nature of the studied attentive blank stare cases, the number of which was dependent on individual pilot performance during the flight in the simulator (see the Measurements section). Therefore, it was impossible to compare each of the six flight profiles with different vestibular or visual SD cues to its six non-conflict counterparts (Stróżak et al, 2018).…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Attentive Blank Stare Under Simulator-induced Spatial Disorientation Events

et al. 2022

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Objective This study investigated the effect of the spatial disorientation (SD) events on an attentive blank stare in the cockpit scene and demonstrated how much the flight task and visual delayed discrimination task were competing for the pilots’ attention. Background SD in flight is the leading cause of human error-related aircraft accidents in the military, general and commercial aviation, and has been an unsolved problem since the inception of flight. In-flight safety research, visually scanning cockpit instruments, and detecting changes are critical countermeasures against SD. Method Thirty male military pilots were performing a dual task involving piloting a flight simulator and visual change detection, while eye movements were obtained using an eye tracker. Results Pilots made more flight errors and spent less time gazing at the area of change in SD-conflict than in non-conflict flights. The vestibular origin SD-conflict led not only to deteriorated piloting and visual scanning but also to problems coordinating overt and covert attention, resulting in lower noticeability of visual changes despite gazing at them. Conclusion Our study shows that looking at a given area in space is not a sufficient condition for effective covert attention allocation and the correct response to a visual stimulus. It seems to be important to make pilots aware of this during SD training. Application To reduce change blindness, some strategies, such as reducing the number of secondary tasks is extremely valuable. Particular efforts should also be focused on improving the design of the aircraft cockpit by increasing the conspicuousness of critical information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Attentive Blank Stare Under Simulator-induced Spatial Disorientation Events

et al. 2022

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“…While some groups have reported that the sense of presence in VR can increase cybersickness (e.g., Lin et al, 2002;Ling et al, 2013;Liu & Uang, 2011), we recently argued (Weech et al, 2019) that the balance of evidence suggests an inverse relationship between presence and cybersickness (e.g., Busscher et al, 2011;Cooper et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2005;Knight & Arns, 2006;Milleville-Pennel & Charron, 2014;Witmer & Singer, 1998). Several groups have claimed that this association results from a disruptive effect of cybersickness symptoms on presence, such that nausea and discomfort reorient attention away from a simulated environment (Bahit et al, 2016;Cobb et al, 1999;Nichols et al, 2000;Stróżak et al, 2018;Wilson et al, 1997;Witmer & Singer, 1998). At the heart of this theory is the idea that cybersickness diminishes presence by orienting attention inwards, away from the simulated environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Narrative and gaming experience interact to affect presence and cybersickness in virtual reality

Weech

Kenny

Lenizky

et al. 2020

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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Research has established a link between presence and cybersickness in virtual environments, but there is significant disagreement regarding the directionality of the relationship (positive or negative) between the two factors, and if the relationship is modulated by other top-down influences. Several studies have revealed a negative association between the factors, highlighting the prospect that manipulating one factor might affect the other. Here we examined if a top-down factor (narrative context) enhances presence, and whether this effect is associated with a decrease in cybersickness. We analyzed the association between responses to questionnaire measures of cybersickness and presence, as well as the degree to which their relationship was affected by the administration of an 'enriched' or 'minimal' verbal narrative context. The results of the first experiment, conducted in a controlled laboratory environment, revealed that enriched narrative was associated with increased presence, but that the reductive effect of narrative on cybersickness depended on video gaming experience. We also observed the expected negative association between presence and cybersickness, but only in the enriched narrative group. In a second experiment, conducted with a diverse sample at a public museum, we confirmed our previous finding that presence and cybersickness are negatively correlated, specifically when participants experienced an enriched narrative. We also confirmed the interaction between narrative and gaming experience with respect to cybersickness. These results highlight the complexity of the presence-cybersickness relationship, and confirm that both factors can be modulated in a beneficial manner for virtual reality users by means of top-down interventions.

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“…The motion profile in the second procedure caused 18 non-pilots to be more likely to counter-steer when flying while the instruments were frozen following the stimuli, but no significant effect was found in another group of 18 pilots [11], nor in a group of 16 air force pilots [12]. There were however significant effects found on control inputs in different experiments with 16 regular pilots [12] and 34 air force pilots [13].…”

Section: A Procedures For Inducing the Leans Illusion In A Hexapod Motmentioning

confidence: 86%

A Procedure for Inducing the Leans Illusion in a Hexapod Motion Simulator

Landman¹,

Hoed

Baelen

et al. 2021

AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum

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Ground-based demonstration of spatial disorientation (SD) has been recommended for military as well as commercial pilot training. Although the leans illusion is the most common form of SD, no data exist yet of an effective ground-based leans procedure for a hexapod simulator. In this paper we describe the development of such a procedure and its tuning with nine subjects. The procedure was then used in an experiment with 18 airline pilots, which is described elsewhere. The final procedure started with a prepositioning phase, during which the simulator platform was slowly tilted to a 3.5°prepositioning roll angle, while the pilot performed a distraction task and the instruments and outside visuals indicated level flight. Next followed an adaptation phase, during which the pilot's vestibular system adapted to the new angle, the outside visibility degraded to zero and the instruments were covered. Then the platform was moved back to level, above the perceptual threshold, after which the instruments were shown again. The pilot was then tasked to roll back to level. The addition of the motion cues caused an increase in roll reversal errors by a factor of 3 in airline pilots. The procedure can be implemented in a scenario for demonstrating the leans in a cost-effective simulator.

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Selective Attention and Working Memory Under Spatial Disorientation in a Flight Simulator

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

An Attentive Blank Stare Under Simulator-induced Spatial Disorientation Events

An Attentive Blank Stare Under Simulator-induced Spatial Disorientation Events

Narrative and gaming experience interact to affect presence and cybersickness in virtual reality

A Procedure for Inducing the Leans Illusion in a Hexapod Motion Simulator

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