Selective COX-2 inhibitors are safe and effective

Beales, Ian

doi:10.1136/bmj.m311

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The expression of COX-2 promotes PGE2 production, which can not only induce inflammation, but also aggravate inflammation [47]. Selective therapeutics (such as NSAIDs) can mitigate inflammation by inhibiting PG [48]. Our experimental results confirmed this principle by finding that the expression of COX-2 protein in the throat tissue of the GLY-treated groups was decreased and the contents of PGE2 in the serum of rats decreased, relative to the model group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Chen

Luo

Lei

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Ganluyin (GLY) is a famous classical prescription with a long history of use as a treatment for inflammatory conditions such as chronic pharyngitis (CP) in many parts of China. However, it has not been developed as a modern pharmaceutic and its anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of GLY and potential mechanisms in a rat model of CP. Methods: The chemical profile of GLY was analyzed by HPLC-UV. We used a mouse model of ear edema and a rat model of paw edema. Specifically, xylene was used to induce edema on the surface of one ear in mice, and carrageenan was injected subcutaneously into the right hind paws of rats to induce paw edema. The paw thickness, ear weight, and ear perfusion were measured and recorded. The CP model in rats was induced by irritating the throat with 5% ammonia and was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of GLY. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by ELISA in serum, and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65) in the throat were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GLY. Hematological assays were also conducted. Results: There were four flavonoids identified in GLY: naringin, neohesperidin, baicalin, and wogonoside. The oral administration of GLY showed a significant inhibitory effect on xylene-induced ear swelling and ear blood flow in mice and significantly ameliorated rat right hind paw edema at doses of 6.2 and 12.4 g/kg. Mechanistic studies found that the anti-inflammatory activity of GLY was related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 and that GLY reduced the expression of COX-2 and NF-κB p65 proteins in the throat, attenuated throat injury, and reduced inflammatory exudates. Hematological analysis showed that treatment with GLY prevented increases in white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMPH) and monocyte (MONO) levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Chen

Luo

Lei

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…Compared with traditional NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors are a new kind of NSAIDs, including meloxicam, celecoxib and so on. [57][58][59][60] The main function of these NSAIDs is to selectively inhibit COX-2 activity, thus there will be no serious side effects. Wu et al presented a Cu-meloxicam complex by utilizing the coordination of copper ions and meloxicam, which was encapsulated with human serum albumin for enhanced biocompatibility.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Drugs For Suppressing Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory strategies for photothermal therapy of cancer

et al. 2023

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“…iScience Article studies have demonstrated that selective COX-2 inhibitors with moderate-dose administration exert no detrimental effects on cardiovascular disease (Beales, 2020;Schjerning et al, 2020). Meanwhile, the infarct size of adult heart at the early stage of MI shows no significant changes in COX-2 knockout or inhibition with celecoxib compared with that in wild-type mice (Guo et al, 2000;Zhu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Ll Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for macrophage function, M1-like macrophages promote pro-inflammatory response at the early stage of wound healing after injury, contributing to clear dead cells and necrotic debris at wound sites. Consequently, M2-like macrophages play an anti-inflammatory role in the late stage of wound healing by releasing cytokines, chemokines, and pro-fibrotic growth factors, thereby regulating scar formation for tissue repair (Braga et al, 2015;Simoes et al, 2020). More interestingly, mounting studies reported that macrophages improved heart regeneration or repair in neonatal heart after injury, but not in adult injured heart (Aurora et al, 2014;Lavine et al, 2014).…”

Section: Ll Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, macrophages enhance collagen deposition and fibrosis to scar formation in non-regenerating mice (Simoes et al, 2020). Macrophages also secrete cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-10), matrix metallopeptidase, chemokines (CCL2, CCR7, CXCL9, and CXCL10), and growth factors (transforming growth factor [TGF-b], vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor) to promote or inhibit wound healing (Braga et al, 2015;Ding et al, 2019;Mantovani et al, 2004). Interestingly, COX-2 regulates pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses to modulate tissue repair (Kaushik and Das, 2019;Li et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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