Selective expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-180 in optic nerve head astrocytes exposed to elevated hydrostatic pressure in vitro

Differential Effects of Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure on Gene Expression and Protein Phosphorylation in Optic Nerve Head Astrocytes

“…In order to compensate for potential changes in dissolved oxygen or pH, the gas mixture in the chamber was adjusted to 8% CO 2 and buffering capacity in the media increased . Under these conditions changes in dissolved oxygen and pH are negligible during the course of the experiment (Ricard et al, 2000). Messenger RNA and protein were extracted from the cells immediately after the experiment using standard published techniques Miao et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2009).…”

“…However, high force stretch is more often associated with traumatic astrocyte injury (Ni et al, 1997) rather than the lower forces associated with increased IOP in glaucoma. Thus, our in vitro IOP model employs elevated hydrostatic pressure in an environmental chamber (Salvador-Silva et al, 2001) that compensates for gas composition and changes in media over time Ricard et al, 2000). This model system has been used in a number of studies to study changes in bimolecular and cellular properties associated with this induced stress Salvador-Silva et al, 2004;Salvador-Silva et al, 2001;Hernandez et al, 2000;Malone et al, 2007;Yang et al, 1993;Chen et al, 2009;Miao et al, 2010).…”

Manipulating Glia to Protect Retinal Ganglion Cells in Glaucoma

“…Astrocytes depose new extracellular matrix (ECM) in the course of glaucoma development. Astrocytes isolated from the human optic nerve head upregulated their expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) two-fold by 6h of exposure to 60mmHg hydrostatic pressure (Ricard et al, 2000). NCAM participates in cell anchoring, so documented changes in its expression in glaucoma suggest a potential point of intervention if astrocyte migration contributes to the incipient optic neuropathy.…”

In vitro effect of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH 442416 on the expression of glutamine synthetase and glutamate aspartate transporter in rat retinal M�ller cells at elevated hydrostatic pressure

“…Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in the world and one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, which is characterized by irreversible and progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and damage the optic nerve, usually in response to abnormally elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) (1)(2)(3)(4). In recent years, glial cell has emerged as the significant player in RGCs apoptosis and survival (2,5,6).…”