Selective Fluorescence Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Other Airborne Particles

Mahanama, K.R.R.; Gundel, Lara A.; Daisey, Joan M.

doi:10.1080/03067319408034108

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The search for optimal absorbance wavelengths was based on the large mass of information about the UV spectra of PAHs and their alkylated derivatives. (36) The contribution of polar and monoconjugated aliphatic compounds to the total absorbance of the PAC extraction solution could be considered trivial because their molar absorbtivities (ε) at 254 nm are negligible. The goodness of our choice on the UV absorbance of the V-PAC 254 solutions is confirmed by the strong correlations and the reasonable concordance of the calculated V-PAC values obtained by UV and FIA-FL, which suggest that the same families of chemicals are identified by the two methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry to Estimate Occupational Exposure to Airborne Polyaromatic Compounds in Asphalt Pavers

Buratti

Campo

Fustinoni

et al. 2007

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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An ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric procedure was devised for the determination of polycyclic aromatic compound-oriented organic soluble matter in vapors and particulate collected from emissions of hot asphalt mix. Ultrasonic extraction was carried out with acetonitrile, followed by UV measurements at 254 nm. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in volatile and particulate fraction were quantified as phenanthrene or benzo[k]fluoranthene equivalents. A comparison between UV and high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection showed that PACs were one to three orders of magnitude higher than the sum of 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); still, significant correlations were found between volatile or particulate PACs and, respectively, total volatile or particulate PAHs. Moreover, in the particulate phase, PACs correlated with total particulate matter quantified by gravimetry. The proposed procedure was employed in a field study for monitoring personal exposure to asphalt emissions of workers engaged in road construction. Observed levels of acetonitrile-soluble PACs in air samples were very low (2-20 microg/m3); however, asphalt pavers were exposed to significantly higher concentrations of volatile PACs than construction workers (geometric mean, 5.9 microg/m3 vs. 4.1 microg/m3). This method for estimating the global content of volatile or particulate PACs in air samples satisfies our requirements of simplicity and is suitable for conducting an initial screening to assess exposure to airborne polyaromatic organics in asphalt pavers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry to Estimate Occupational Exposure to Airborne Polyaromatic Compounds in Asphalt Pavers

Buratti

Campo

Fustinoni

et al. 2007

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…The emission wavelength range (150 nm) was offset from the excitation wavelength (260–328 nm) by 5 nm to 10 nm. Excitation and emission wavelengths were optimized for the parent oils, and the wavelengths corresponded to excitation and emission wavelengths for fluorescent 2‐ringed to 4‐ringed PAHs . Emission scans of each HFO fraction provided data for standard curves and fluorescence profiles of water samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of compounds in heavy fuel oil that are chronically toxic to rainbow trout embryos by effects‐driven chemical fractionation

Adams

Bornstein

Munno

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study isolated and identified compounds in heavy fuel oil 7102 (HFO 7102) that are bioavailable and chronically toxic to rainbow trout embryos (Oncorhynchus mykiss). An effects-driven chemical fractionation combined the chemical separation of oil with toxicity testing and chemical analyses of each fraction to identify the major classes of compounds associated with embryo toxicity. Toxicity was assessed with 2 exposure methods, a high-energy chemical dispersion of oil in water, which included oil droplets in test solutions, and water accommodated fractions which were produced by oiled gravel desorption columns, and which did not contain visible oil droplets. Fractions of HFO with high concentrations of naphthalenes, alkanes, asphaltenes, and resins were nontoxic to embryos over the range of concentrations tested. In contrast, fractions enriched with 3- to 4-ringed alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were embryotoxic, consistent with published studies of crude oils and individual alkyl PAHs. The rank order of fraction toxicity did not vary between the exposure methods and was consistent with their PAH content; fractions with higher-molecular weight alkyl PAHs were the most toxic. Exposure of juvenile trout to most fractions of HFO induced higher activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes, with a rank order of potency that varied with exposure method and differed somewhat from that of embryotoxicity. Induction reflected the bioavailability of PAHs but did not accurately predict embryotoxicity.

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“…Emission scan wavelengths were optimized for MESA with excitation at 240 nm and an emission range of 248 nm to 327 nm and for HFO 7102 with excitation at 290 nm and emission range of 300 nm to 450 nm. This range of wavelengths targeted the measurement of the 2‐ to 4‐ringed PAHs using linear standard curves relating to known concentrations of MESA (diluted in 50:50 salt water:ethanol) or HFO 7102 (diluted in 50:50 freshwater:ethanol) to fluorescence area. The oil concentration for unknown samples was calculated from the measured peak area after the removal of the background signal (50:50 salt water or freshwater:ethanol blank).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil and oil dispersant do not cause synergistic toxicity to fish embryos

Adams

Sweezey

Hodson

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) embryos were exposed to water accommodated fractions (WAFs; oil dissolved in water) and chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions (CEWAFs; oil dispersed in water with Corexit 9500A) of Medium South American (MESA) crude oil. The CEWAF was approximately 100-fold more toxic than WAF based on nominal loadings of test solutions (% v/v). In contrast, the ratio of WAF and CEWAF toxicity expressed as measured oil concentrations approximated 1.0, indicating that the higher toxicity of CEWAFs was caused by an increase in exposure to hydrocarbons with chemical dispersion. In a second experiment, the chronic toxicity of Corexit 9500A and chemically dispersed heavy fuel oil 7102 (HFO 7102) to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos was compared to chemically dispersed Nujol, a nontoxic mineral oil. Dispersant alone was toxic, but caused different signs of toxicity than HFO 7102. Nujol at a dispersant-to-oil ratio of 1:20 was nontoxic, suggesting that dispersant was sequestered by oil and not present at toxic concentrations. In contrast, the same nominal loadings of dispersed HFO 7102 caused concentration-dependent increases in toxicity. Both experiments suggest that chemically dispersed oil was more toxic to fish embryos than solutions created by mechanical mixing due to the increased exposure of fish to petroleum hydrocarbons and not to changes in hydrocarbon toxicity. The Nujol control discriminated between the toxicity of oil and chemical dispersant and would be a practical addition to programs of dispersant testing.

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Selective Fluorescence Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Other Airborne Particles

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Application of Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry to Estimate Occupational Exposure to Airborne Polyaromatic Compounds in Asphalt Pavers

Application of Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry to Estimate Occupational Exposure to Airborne Polyaromatic Compounds in Asphalt Pavers

Identification of compounds in heavy fuel oil that are chronically toxic to rainbow trout embryos by effects‐driven chemical fractionation

Oil and oil dispersant do not cause synergistic toxicity to fish embryos

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