Selective Interface Synthesis of Cobalt Metaphosphate Nanosheet Arrays Motivated by Functionalized Carbon Cloths for Fast and Durable Na/K-Ion Storage

Abstract

Exploiting novel nanomaterials with fast and durable sodium/potassium ion storage capability is key to alleviate the application limitations of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a novel energy storage material based on cobalt metaphosphate nanosheet arrays self-supported on carbon cloths [Co(PO 3 ) 2 NSs/CC] is fabricated by a two-step strategy. This rationally designed strategy avoids the preparation of the complex {Co[O 2 P(O t Bu) 2 ] 2 } n precursor, which significantly simplifies the synthesis process. The active CC acts not only as an electrically conductive substrate as usual but also as a functional basis to suppress PH 3 -involved reaction and to promote HPO 3 -involved reaction during the phosphating process, contributing to the formation of Co(PO 3 ) 2 . The mutual cross-linked porous Co(PO 3 ) 2 nanosheets vertically grow on the surface of activated CC, ensuring sufficient electrolyte infiltration and fast electron transport among the electrodes. Sodium ion storage analysis for the Co(PO 3 ) 2 NSs/CC electrode reveals a multi-step reaction mechanism with high reversibility, as reflected by the high reversible capacity (667 mA h g −1 at 50 mA g −1 ) and excellent cyclability (with almost no capacity decay over 500 cycles). This novel electrode is also well capable of storing potassium ions, exhibiting high reversible capacity, which outperforms most reported anodes for potassium-ion batteries. The development of this novel high-performance nanomaterial would advance the performance of sodium/potassium-ion batteries toward practical applications.

The Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries Based on Conversion Reactions: a Review

“…Reproduced from Ref. [117] Copyright (2021), with permission from American Chemical Society. usually believed that the reason for this result is due to the large radius of sodium-ions leading to slow reaction kinetics, many researchers have designed various nanostructures to speed up electron conduction or shorten ion diffusion paths to promote sodiation/desodiation reaction kinetics, and achieved some success, the actual capacity has been improved, but still exists a certain distance from the theoretical capacity.…”

“…(f) Schematic illustration, (g, h) SEM, (i) TEM images, (j) Cycling performance at 500 mA g À 1 of the self-supported Co(PO 3 ) 2 NSs/CC electrode. Reproduced from Ref [117]. Copyright (2021), with permission from American Chemical Society.…”

Bimetal Oxide Reduction-Induced Perforation Strategy for Preparing a Multi-Microchannel Graphene-Based Anode Material with Rapid Sodium-Ion Diffusion

“…Electrochemical energy storage technologies have attracted wide attention to utilizing sustainable energy. − Especially, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the dominating energy storage system with widespread applications. − However, the unevenly distributed and limited lithium resources in the earth’s crust inevitably lead to high costs. In this regard, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), with the cost-effectiveness of abundant sodium resources, as well as the electrochemical similarity with LIBs, have shown their great potential in terms of large-scale energy storage. − However, SIBs display low specific capacity and sluggish reaction dynamics arising from the higher redox potentials of Na + /Na (−2.7 V) compared with Li + /Li (−3.0 V) and larger atomic radius of Na + (1.02 Å) to Li + (0.76 Å). − Unlike LIBs that can directly use graphite as the anode, suitable anodes for SIBs are still under exploration. Therefore, research into anode materials with outstanding capacity and prolonged lifespan is crucial.…”

An efficient vanadium/cobalt metaphosphate electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution in alkaline water splitting

“…[49][50][51][52] Even so, the catalytic performance is still unsatisfactory; taking the current density of 10 mA cm −2 as an example, the overpotentials are generally more than 100 mV and 200 mV for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution, respectively. 53,54 Recently, as an emerging kind of functional material, metaphosphate compounds have been explored for use in energy conversion processes such as ion storage, [58][59][60][61] water splitting [62][63][64][65] and oxygen reduction. 66 However, the use of cobalt metaphosphate in electrocatalytic water splitting has rarely been reported.…”

“…Recently, as an emerging kind of functional material, metaphosphate compounds have been explored for use in energy conversion processes such as ion storage, 58–61 water splitting 62–65 and oxygen reduction. 66 However, the use of cobalt metaphosphate in electrocatalytic water splitting has rarely been reported.…”