Selective laser melting vitrification of amorphous soft magnetic alloys with help of double-scanning-induced compositional homogeneity

Nam, Yeong Gyun; Koo, Bonuk; Chang, M.-S.; Yang, Sangsun; Yu, Juan; Park, Taesung; Jeong, Jae-Won

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2019.127068

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is obvious that there is a linear transition from a nearly fully crystalline structure to a fully amorphous one as the E d decreases. This may be because as energy density decreases, the cooling rate increases, leading to amorphous structure [75].…”

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was achieved at the highest Ed of 37.5 J/mm 3 (high power of 90 W and low scanning speed of 1200 mm/s) as it is shown in Figure 12d). Most recently, Nam et al have utilised a similar scanning technique as in Reference [76], referred to as the double-scan strategy, to achieve full verification and densification of Fe-based BMGs having high magnetic saturation [75]. In the double-scan strategy, before the coating of a subsequent powder layer over the build area, every Fe 73.7 Si 11 B 11 C 2 Cr 2.28 amorphous powder layer was rescanned (remelted) with the linear scan method using the same laser power and laser scan speed as the first laser scanning.…”

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is crucial that optimum process parameters are defined for both full densification and amorphous structure. The studies indicate that double scanning (remelting) helps to increase the glassy phase content and relative density, and improve soft magnetic and mechanical properties [75].…”

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is observed that Fe-based magnetic alloys with various amorphous content up to 100% can be produced by the SLM technique by changing process parameters. It can be said that even though both of the elemental compositions and powder sizes of the feedstock powder in [75,76] are quite similar to each other, the SLM processes alloys have different amorphous phase fractions and magnetic properties due to the different process parameters and scanning strategy, as mentioned in Section 3.1. This means that laser process parameters and scanning strategy play critical roles in the production of amorphous alloys with laser additive manufacturing.…”

Section: Direct Energy Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure13. The graph of (a) magnetic saturation (Ms), (b) coercivity (in Oe), (c) core loss relativity and (d) relative permeability, µr, taken as at 100 Hz frequency (@ 100 Hz) versus laser power density for 3D-printed Fe73.7Si11B11C2Cr2.28 alloys (reprinted with the permission from[75], Elsevier, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Ozden

Morley

2021

Magnetochemistry

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Fe-based amorphous materials offer new opportunities for magnetic sensors, actuators, and magnetostrictive transducers due to their high saturation magnetostriction (λs = 20–40 ppm) and low coercive field compared with polycrystalline Fe-based alloys, which have high magnetostriction but large coercive fields and Co-based amorphous alloys with small magnetostriction (λs = −3 to −5 ppm). Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) offers a new fabrication technique for more complex net-shaping designs. This paper reviews the two different ALM techniques that have been used to fabricate Fe-based amorphous magnetic materials, including the structural and magnetic properties. Selective laser melting (SLM)—a powder-bed fusion technique—and laser-engineered net shaping (LENS)—a directed energy deposition method—have both been utilised to fabricate amorphous alloys, owing to their high availability and low cost within the literature. Two different scanning strategies have been introduced by using the SLM technique. The first strategy is a double-scanning strategy, which gives rise to maximum relative density of 96% and corresponding magnetic saturation of 1.22 T. It also improved the glassy phase content by an order of magnitude of 47%, as well as improving magnetic properties (decreasing coercivity to 1591.5 A/m and increasing magnetic permeability to around 100 at 100 Hz). The second is a novel scanning strategy, which involves two-step melting: preliminary laser melting and short pulse amorphisation. This increased the amorphous phase fraction to a value of up to 89.6%, and relative density up to 94.1%, and lowered coercivity to 238 A/m. On the other hand, the LENS technique has not been utilised as much as SLM in the production of amorphous alloys owing to its lower geometric accuracy (0.25 mm) and lower surface quality, despite its benefits such as providing superior mechanical properties, controlled composition and microstructure. As a result, it has been commonly used for large parts with low complexity and for repairing them, limiting the production of amorphous alloys because of the size limitation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these techniques for Fe-based amorphous magnetic materials.

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Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Energy Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Ozden

Morley

2021

Magnetochemistry

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Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glasses

Sahu,

Kumar

2024

Additive Manufacturing With Novel Materials

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Soft‐Magnetic Behavior of Fe‐Based Nanocrystalline Alloys Produced Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion

2023

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Herein, an extensive experimental study is presented on the influence of the major process parameters of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique on the bulk density and soft‐magnetic properties of Fe‐based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). For this purpose, 81 samples are manufactured using the combinations of different process parameters, that is, layer thickness (t: 50–70 μm), laser power (P: 70–130 W), laser scan speed (v: 900–1100 mm s−1), and hatch spacing (h: 20–40 μm). High bulk density (≥99%) is achieved utilizing low P and v combined with low h and t in order to decrease energy input to the powder, preventing cracks associated with the brittle nature of BMGs. Furthermore, it is indicated that h = 30 μm and v = 1000 mm s−1 play a determining role in acquiring high saturation magnetization (≥200 Am2 kg−1). Due to the laser scanning nature of the process, two distinct microstructures evolve, melt‐pool (MP) and heat‐affected zone (HAZ). According to thermal modeling performed in this study, laser power has the major effect on the thermal development in the microstructure (thermal gradient evolved between the two hatches and the cooling rate from MP through HAZ).

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Selective laser melting vitrification of amorphous soft magnetic alloys with help of double-scanning-induced compositional homogeneity

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glasses

Soft‐Magnetic Behavior of Fe‐Based Nanocrystalline Alloys Produced Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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