Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors for schizophrenia

Matthews, Paul; Horder, Jamie; Pearce, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010219.pub2

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Adrenergic and noradrenergic nuclei other than LC also require a fresh attention in this regard. A better understanding of these systems would facilitate the advent of more effective therapeutics for a range of psychiatric conditions, such as depression (Nutt et al, 2007;Hare et al, 2019), schizophrenia (Winograd-Gurvich et al, 2006;Howes et al, 2017;Matthews et al, 2018), ADHD (Levy, 2009;Tripp and Wickens, 2009), PTSD (Hendrickson and Raskind, 2016), and addiction (Weinshenker and Schroeder, 2007). It is not clear how different neuromodulatory systems are disrupted in these disorders.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine and Noradrenaline in the Brain; Overlapping or Dissociate Functions?

Ranjbar-Slamloo

Fazlali

2020

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

163

101

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Dopamine and noradrenaline are crucial neuromodulators controlling brain states, vigilance, action, reward, learning, and memory processes. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) and Locus Coeruleus (LC) are canonically described as the main sources of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) with dissociate functions. A comparison of diverse studies shows that these neuromodulators largely overlap in multiple domains such as shared biosynthetic pathway and co-release from the LC terminals, convergent innervations, non-specificity of receptors and transporters, and shared intracellular signaling pathways. DA-NA interactions are mainly studied in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, yet it can be extended to the whole brain given the diversity of catecholamine innervations. LC can simultaneously broadcast both dopamine and noradrenaline across the brain. Here, we briefly review the molecular, cellular, and physiological overlaps between DA and NA systems and point to their functional implications. We suggest that DA and NA may function in parallel to facilitate learning and maintain the states required for normal cognitive processes. Various signaling modules of NA and DA have been targeted for developing of therapeutics. Understanding overlaps of the two systems is crucial for more effective interventions in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions.

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Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine and Noradrenaline in the Brain; Overlapping or Dissociate Functions?

Ranjbar-Slamloo

Fazlali

2020

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

163

101

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“…The keywords for the search were (reboxetine OR Edronax) AND (schizophrenic disorder OR disorder, schizophrenic OR schizophrenic disorders OR schizophrenia OR dementia praecox). Reference lists from review articles [10,12,[31][32][33][34] were hand-searched for additional studies. First/ corresponding authors were contacted for missing information, whenever necessary.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system [46,47] was performed to estimate the recommendation for outcome measures of adjunctive reboxetine for schizophrenia. Following the methodology of other studies [31,48], the Jadad scale (range: 0-5) assessed the quality of included studies (▶ Table 1) [49]. The Jadad total score of ≥ 3 indicated "high quality" [50].…”

Section: Assessment Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficacy of reboxetine in treating negative symptoms and/ or reducing AP-induced weight gain in schizophrenia have been examined in meta-analyses [10,12,[31][32][33][34]. Common limitations of these meta-analyses include the small number of included studies, resulting in insufficient power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, 3 meta-analyses [12,33,34], each with 2 RCTs (n = 85) [18,22], found that reboxetine was superior to placebo in reducing AP-induced weight gain. Another meta-analysis [31] included 9 RCTs, but one of them was an open-label study [35], the inclusion of which violated standard recommendations [36]. In addition, non-English databases were not searched for relevant RCTs [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adjunctive Reboxetine for Schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trials

Zheng

Shi

et al. 2019

Pharmacopsychiatry

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Background Results of previous studies on the safety and efficacy of adjunctive reboxetine for schizophrenia have been inconsistent. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and tolerability of reboxetine as an adjunct medication to antipsychotic treatment in a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Two independent investigators extracted data for a random effects meta-analysis and assessed the quality of studies using risk of bias and the Jadad scale. Weighted and standardized mean differences (WMDs/SMDs) and risk ratio (RR)±95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Nine RCTs (n=630) with double-blind design were identified. Reboxetine outperformed placebo in improving negative (9 RCTs, n=602, SMD: −0.47 [95% CI: −0.87, −0.07], p=0.02; I2=82%), but not the overall, positive, and general psychopathology scores. The significant therapeutic effect on negative symptoms disappeared in the sensitivity analysis after removing an outlying study and in 50% (6/12) of the subgroup analyses. Reboxetine outperformed placebo in reducing weight (3 RCTs, n=186, WMD: −3.83 kg, p=0.04; I2=92%) and body mass index (WMD: −2.23 kg/m2, p=0.04; I2=95%). Reboxetine caused dry mouth but was associated with less weight gain overall and weight gain of ≥7% of the initial weight. All-cause discontinuation and other adverse events were similar between reboxetine and placebo. Conclusion Adjunctive reboxetine could be useful for attenuating antipsychotic-induced weight gain, but it was not effective in treating psychopathology including negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

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