Selective outcome reporting and the effectiveness of psychotherapies for depression

Miguel, Clara; Karyotaki, Eirini; Cuijpers, Pim; Cristea, Ioana A.

doi:10.1002/wps.20900

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We found that patients with HI DEP/HI PAIN (compared to HI DEP/LO PAIN) were more often treated with antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics. It seems reasonable to assume that mental pain as a form of inner turmoil may require sedative, tranquilizing, and mood-modulation agents to relieve patients' suffering [44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High depression symptomatology and mental pain characterize suicidal psychiatric patients

et al. 2022

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Background Symptoms of depression are transdiagnostic heterogenous features frequently assessed in psychiatric disorders, that impact the response to first-line treatment and are associated with higher suicide risk. This study assessed whether severe mental pain could characterize a specific phenotype of severely depressed high-risk psychiatric patients. We also aimed to analyze differences in treatments administered. Methods 2,297 adult patients (1,404 females and 893 males; mean age = 43.25 years, SD = 15.15) treated in several Italian psychiatric departments. Patients were assessed for psychiatric diagnoses, mental pain, symptoms of depression, hopelessness, and suicide risk. Results More than 23% of the patients reported high depression symptomatology and high mental pain (HI DEP/HI PAIN). Compared to patients with lower symptoms of depression, HI DEP/HI PAIN is more frequent among females admitted to an inpatient department and is associated with higher hopelessness and suicide risk. In addition, HI DEP/HI PAIN (compared to both patients with lower symptoms of depression and patients with higher symptoms of depression but lower mental pain) were more frequently diagnosed in patients with personality disorders and had different treatments. Conclusions Patients reporting severe symptoms of depression and high mental pain presented a mixture of particular dangerousness (high trait hopelessness and the presence of suicide ideation with more frequency and less controllability and previous suicide behaviors). The presence of severe mental pain may act synergically in expressing a clinical phenotype that is likewise treated with a more complex therapeutic regime than that administered to those experiencing symptoms of depression without mental pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High depression symptomatology and mental pain characterize suicidal psychiatric patients

et al. 2022

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“…We used the first version of the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool to assess the validity of the included studies (Higgins et al, 2011 ). The assessments were conducted in the following domains: random sequence generation; concealment of allocation to conditions; blinding of assessors or use of self-report scales; appropriate methods for handling incomplete outcome data (which was evaluated as high risk of bias when intention-to-treat analyses were not used and/or it had overall more than 50% study dropout and/or more than 30% imbalance in missing outcomes between groups); and selective outcome reporting (rated as positive when prospectively registered primary outcomes were consistently reported in the article) (Miguel, Karyotaki, Cuijpers, & Cristea, 2021 ). Each domain with a lack of information was rated as high risk.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of psychological treatment for depression among people not actively seeking help: a meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Although psychological treatments have been found to be effective for depression in adults, many individuals with depression do not actively seek help. It is currently unclear whether psychological treatments are effective among those not actively seeking help. Besides, little is known about the proportion of patients who completed a screening questionnaire who end up in a clinical trial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of 52 randomized trials comparing psychotherapies for adults with a diagnosis or elevated symptoms of depression against control conditions (care-as-usual, waiting list, and other inactive treatment). Only studies recruiting participants who do not actively seek help (participants who have been recruited through screening instead of advertisements and clinical referrals) were included. To obtain an overall effect estimate of psychotherapy, we pooled all post-test differences with a random-effects model. We found that psychological treatments had a moderate to high effect on reducing depressive symptoms compared to control groups [g = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.69]. Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 75%; 95% CI 68–80). At 12 months' follow-up, the effects were small but significant (6–8 months: g = 0.33; 95% CI 0.14–0.52; 9–12 months: g = 0.24; 95% CI 0.11–0.37). As a secondary outcome, we found that 13% of patients who completed a screening questionnaire met the inclusion criteria for depression and agreed to be randomized in the trial. Based on the current evidence, psychological treatments for depression might be effective for depressed patients who are not actively seeking help.

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“…1 Notably, the estimated prevalence of depressive disorders has substantial geographical variation, making a thorough assessment in each country necessary. 2 As it is the most populous country in the world, nationally representative epidemiological data for depressive disorders in China are particularly important.…”

Section: The Social Determinants Of Depressive Disorders In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limitations in the evidence base were meticulously counteracted. For example, to circumvent imprecision in declaring primary outcomes, a pervasive problem in psychotherapy research, 2 the authors developed a decision tree with clear-cut criteria for when a potentially eligible study would be included or excluded by default or following arbitration by two independent researchers. The authors engaged in a far-reaching attempt to retrieve unpublished or missing data by repeatedly contacting authors of all potentially eligible studies published after 1990, thereby recovering unpublished data for nine trials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effective psychological interventions for relapse prevention in schizophrenia

Cristea

Nechita

2021

The Lancet Psychiatry

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Selective outcome reporting and the effectiveness of psychotherapies for depression

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

High depression symptomatology and mental pain characterize suicidal psychiatric patients

High depression symptomatology and mental pain characterize suicidal psychiatric patients

Effects of psychological treatment for depression among people not actively seeking help: a meta-analysis

Effective psychological interventions for relapse prevention in schizophrenia

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