Selective sulfidation-vacuum volatilization processes for tellurium and bismuth recovery from bismuth telluride waste thermoelectric material

Ma, Jinping; Shi, Tongtang; Li, Yifu; Yang, Bin; Tian, Yang; Xu, Bin; Yang, Hongwei; Chen, Xiumin; Chen, Changming

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116845

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The existing mainstream thermoelectric materials can be categorized into inorganic and organic types. The former include tellurium (Te), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and bismuth (Bi). − For instance, Te possesses remarkable thermoelectric properties due to its high-power factor and low thermal conductivity as a hexagonal nanomaterial crystal. Figure B shows a flexible self-powered sensor developed by Tsao et al.…”

Section: Thermoelectric Self-powered Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Self-powered Sensors Based on Nanogenerators: From Material and Structural Design to Cutting-Edge Sensing Applications

Ren,

Guo,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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The utilization of sensors has become indispensable in the advent of an intelligent era characterized by artificial intelligence, 5G communication, big data, and other cutting-edge technologies. Traditional sensors require external power sources or batteries, resulting in a complex sensing system that does not promote the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly applications for health monitoring. In recent years, the electrical output and stability of piezoelectric, triboelectric, thermoelectric, and hybrid nanogenerators have been significantly improved, enabling their widespread role in the development of self-powered sensors. The sensors are capable of performing sensing tasks by converting their own energy, thereby obviating the need for an external power supply. In this paper, we initially explore the operating mechanisms, device materials, and structures of diverse nanogenerators and evaluate their output efficacy. Subsequently, we showcase the latest advancements in self-powered sensor systems, spanning various fields such as biomedical and healthcare, wearable devices, sound monitoring, smart vehicles, environmental monitoring, and smart cities. The paper also explores the future potential of self-powered sensor systems, in addition to discussing their practical applications.

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Section: Thermoelectric Self-powered Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Self-powered Sensors Based on Nanogenerators: From Material and Structural Design to Cutting-Edge Sensing Applications

Ren,

Guo,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…These alloys are potential light energy converters and considered attractive for photovoltaic applications [64] Alloys of tellurium fluorides Te-F binary system Stable Te-fluorides (TeF 4 , TeF 6 , and TeF 8 ,) support strong d-p covalent interactions in the Te-F system at high pressure [65] Iridium-tellurium alloy IrTe Can promote adsorption of N 2 and lower the Gibbs free energy for electrocatalytic N 2 reduction reactions [66] Bismuth-telluride alloy Bi 2 Te 3 This alloy has good performance in thermoelectric materials near room temperature [67] Cesium-tellurium-titanium alloy Cs 2 Te 1−x Ti x I 6…”

Section: Te-alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tellurium and Nano-Tellurium: Medicine or Poison?

Sári,

Ferroudj,

Semsey

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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Tellurium (Te) is the heaviest stable chalcogen and is a rare element in Earth’s crust (one to five ppb). It was discovered in gold ore from mines in Kleinschlatten near the present-day city of Zlatna, Romania. Industrial and other applications of Te focus on its inorganic forms. Tellurium can be toxic to animals and humans at low doses. Chronic tellurium poisoning endangers the kidney, liver, and nervous system. However, Te can be effective against bacteria and is able to destroy cancer cells. Tellurium can also be used to develop redox modulators and enzyme inhibitors. Soluble salts that contain Te had a role as therapeutic and antimicrobial agents before the advent of antibiotics. The pharmaceutical use of Te is not widespread due to the narrow margin between beneficial and toxic doses, but there are differences between the measure of toxicity based on the Te form. Nano-tellurium (Te-NPs) has several applications: it can act as an adsorptive agent to remove pollutants, and it can be used in antibacterial coating, photo-catalysis for the degradation of dyes, and conductive electronic materials. Nano-sized Te particles are the most promising and can be produced in both chemical and biological ways. Safety assessments are essential to determine the potential risks and benefits of using Te compounds in various applications. Future challenges and directions in developing nano-materials, nano-alloys, and nano-structures based on Te are still open to debate.

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“…High purity Te and Bi can be extracted from bismuth telluride scraps by sulfurization vacuum volatilization process. [ 3 ] The addition of CO to bismuth telluride zone melting scraps can remove the oxide impurities and improve the thermoelectric properties of the waste. [ 4 ] Adding SiC to commercial zone fused bismuth telluride scraps can simultaneously improve its mechanical and thermoelectric properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrap Recovery of n‐Type Bismuth Telluride Ingot by Second Zone Melting and PbBr₂ Doping

et al. 2023

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Bismuth telluride is the only commercially applied thermoelectric material. The n‐type material is usually prepared by the method of zone melting; however, the utilization ratio of the ingot is relatively low, owing to the bad thermoelectric performance of the two ends. Herein, the waste of n‐type bismuth telluride is recovered by the second zone melting and PbBr2 doping. It is shown that the second zone melting can improve the grain alignment, leading to the increase of carrier mobility. When PbBr2 doping is introduced, lattice thermal conductivity is largely reduced by the high dense dislocations. As a result, the peak power factor and maximum ZT reach 53 μW cm−1 K−2 and 1.15, respectively, which are even higher than the values of the original commercial material. This work provides an economic and applicable strategy to recover the waste of bismuth telluride thermoelectric materials.

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Selective sulfidation-vacuum volatilization processes for tellurium and bismuth recovery from bismuth telluride waste thermoelectric material

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Recent Advances in Self-powered Sensors Based on Nanogenerators: From Material and Structural Design to Cutting-Edge Sensing Applications

Recent Advances in Self-powered Sensors Based on Nanogenerators: From Material and Structural Design to Cutting-Edge Sensing Applications

Tellurium and Nano-Tellurium: Medicine or Poison?

Scrap Recovery of n‐Type Bismuth Telluride Ingot by Second Zone Melting and PbBr₂ Doping

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Selective sulfidation-vacuum volatilization processes for tellurium and bismuth recovery from bismuth telluride waste thermoelectric material

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Recent Advances in Self-powered Sensors Based on Nanogenerators: From Material and Structural Design to Cutting-Edge Sensing Applications

Recent Advances in Self-powered Sensors Based on Nanogenerators: From Material and Structural Design to Cutting-Edge Sensing Applications

Tellurium and Nano-Tellurium: Medicine or Poison?

Scrap Recovery of n‐Type Bismuth Telluride Ingot by Second Zone Melting and PbBr2 Doping

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Scrap Recovery of n‐Type Bismuth Telluride Ingot by Second Zone Melting and PbBr₂ Doping