Selenium concentration of maize grain in South Africa and possible factors influencing the concentration

Courtman, C.; Ryssen, J.B.J. van; Oelofse, André

doi:10.4314/sajas.v42i5.2

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Of the 896 grain samples taken from 231 silos, 46 % had <12 μg/kg, 76 % had <25 μg/kg and 88 % of samples had <40 μg/kg. Courtman et al discussed these data in the context of previously published maps of total soil Se concentration and soil pH for South Africa; however, they were not able to identify a direct link between soil and grain properties in their study (45) .…”

Section: Linkages Between Dietary Selenium Supply and Intake Food Crmentioning

confidence: 87%

Selenium deficiency risks in sub-Saharan African food systems and their geospatial linkages

et al. 2020

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Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human health. However, our knowledge of the prevalence of Se deficiency is less than for other micronutrients of public health concern such as iodine, iron and zinc, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Studies of food systems in SSA, in particular in Malawi, have revealed that human Se deficiency risks are widespread and influenced strongly by geography. Direct evidence of Se deficiency risks includes nationally representative data of Se concentrations in blood plasma and urine as population biomarkers of Se status. Long-range geospatial variation in Se deficiency risks has been linked to soil characteristics and their effects on the Se concentration of food crops. Selenium deficiency risks are also linked to socio-economic status including access to animal source foods. This review highlights the need for geospatially-resolved data on the movement of Se and other micronutrients in food systems which span agriculture–nutrition–health disciplinary domains (defined as a GeoNutrition approach). Given that similar drivers of deficiency risks for Se, and other micronutrients, are likely to occur in other countries in SSA and elsewhere, micronutrient surveillance programmes should be designed accordingly.

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Section: Linkages Between Dietary Selenium Supply and Intake Food Crmentioning

confidence: 87%

Selenium deficiency risks in sub-Saharan African food systems and their geospatial linkages

et al. 2020

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“…As well as Se deficiencies, a high prevalence of Zn deficiencies has also been noted in Malawi, validating the FBS-based estimates [ 42 ]. Additionally in South Africa, geographical patterns of soil pH and low concentrations of Se in maize collected from silos have also been documented [ 43 ]. Additionally, previous work showed that populations living in the historically high EC incidence area in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa had low whole blood concentrations of Se but not Cu/Zn/Mg levels [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Africa’s Oesophageal Cancer Corridor: Geographic Variations in Incidence Correlate with Certain Micronutrient Deficiencies

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe aetiology of Africa’s easterly-lying corridor of squamous cell oesophageal cancer is poorly understood. Micronutrient deficiencies have been implicated in this cancer in other areas of the world, but their role in Africa is unclear. Without prospective cohorts, timely insights can instead be gained through ecological studies.MethodsAcross Africa we assessed associations between a country’s oesophageal cancer incidence rate and food balance sheet-derived estimates of mean national dietary supplies of 7 nutrients: calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). We included 32 countries which had estimates of dietary nutrient supplies and of better-quality GLOBCAN 2012 cancer incidence rates. Bayesian hierarchical Poisson lognormal models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios for oesophageal cancer associated with each nutrient, adjusted for age, gender, energy intake, phytate, smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as their 95% posterior credible intervals (CI). Adult dietary deficiencies were quantified using an estimated average requirements (EAR) cut-point approach.ResultsAdjusted incidence rate ratios for oesophageal cancer associated with a doubling of mean nutrient supply were: for Fe 0.49 (95% CI: 0.29–0.82); Mg 0.58 (0.31–1.08); Se 0.40 (0.18–0.90); and Zn 0.29 (0.11–0.74). There were no associations with Ca, Cu and I. Mean national nutrient supplies exceeded adult EARs for Mg and Fe in most countries. For Se, mean supplies were less than EARs (both sexes) in 7 of the 10 highest oesophageal cancer ranking countries, compared to 23% of remaining countries. For Zn, mean supplies were less than the male EARs in 8 of these 10 highest ranking countries compared to in 36% of other countries.ConclusionsEcological associations are consistent with the potential role of Se and/or Zn deficiencies in squamous cell oesophageal cancer in Africa. Individual-level analytical studies are needed to elucidate their causal role in this setting.

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“…The value of selenium obtained in this study is higher than the value reported by Musa et al [14] who recorded a lower selenium concentration of 0.038 -0.037 mg/kg around CBN waste dumpsite Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria. In addition, higher selenium content in soil samples was also reported with a concentration range of 20-60 mg/kg in Enshi, China [48].…”

Section: Hgmentioning

confidence: 79%

Assessment of Heavy Metal and Selenium Levels in Leachates and Soils of Central Bank of Nigeria Dumpsite Makurdi

Egwumah

Eneji

Wuana

2018

AJACR

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Leachates from dumpsite basically contain a wide range of heavy metals and selenium. However, heavy metals have negative public health and environmental impacts once the leachates are allowed to infiltrate into groundwater. This is one of the oldest, growing problems threatening the surrounding globally. Therefore, it is imperative to quantify the information on the environmental impact of heavy metal and selenium levels, and suggesting various techniques that could be used to clean-up their concentrations from the environment to the minimum to ameliorate the plight of the people. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metal and selenium levels in leachate of Central Bank of Nigeria dumpsite along University of Agriculture Road-Makurdi and also to investigate their levels in soil around the dumpsite platform. The concentrations of some heavy metals such as Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) and non metal Selenium (Se) levels in leachate from Central Bank of Nigeria Dumpsite platform and surrounding soil along University of Agriculture road, Makurdi, were determined using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Flame AAS) for Cr, Pb and Cd while cold vapour and hydride generation were used for Hg and Se respectively. The soil samples were collected at different depths (cm) 0 – 20, 20 – 40, 40 – 60 and 60 – 80. The levels of all heavy metals and non metal selenium in this study area were found to be higher than those of the control samples. The total mean concentration of the soil samples analysed for each metal and selenium levels at different depths range from Cr (74.7 – 2.6 mg/kg), Cd (7.41 – 0.6 mg/kg), Hg (4.45 – 1.4 mg/kg), Se (2.04 – 1.2 mg/kg) and Pb (8.53 – 1.7 mg/kg). The concentrations in leachates were Cr (0.079 mg/L), Cd (0.010 mg/L), but Pb, Hg and Se were not detected. The concentrations of Cr and Cd determined in leachate were below the WHO standard limits. Similarly, the concentrations of Pb, Hg and Se in soil analyzed in this study were within the permissible limits. However, the concentration of Cr and Cd were found to be higher than the permissible limits due to the increasing anthropogenic activities in the area. Awareness of the level of soil and leachate pollution around the dumpsite needs to be created urgently especially among people living in the environment. Proper and effective waste management plan should be developed and implemented.

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Selenium concentration of maize grain in South Africa and possible factors influencing the concentration

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Selenium deficiency risks in sub-Saharan African food systems and their geospatial linkages

Selenium deficiency risks in sub-Saharan African food systems and their geospatial linkages

Africa’s Oesophageal Cancer Corridor: Geographic Variations in Incidence Correlate with Certain Micronutrient Deficiencies

Assessment of Heavy Metal and Selenium Levels in Leachates and Soils of Central Bank of Nigeria Dumpsite Makurdi

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