Selenium Deficiency Augments the Levels of Inflammatory Factors and Heat Shock Proteins via the Redox Regulatory Pathway in the Skeletal Muscles of Mice

Abstract

Dietary selenium (Se) deficiency is known to cause myodynia syndrome and Se influences immune responses by changing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and heat shock proteins (Hsps), but the details are not completely elucidated. In the present study, 72 1-day-old mice were divided into two groups; the first group was fed a Se-sufficient diet, while the second group was fed a Se-deficient diet. Skeletal muscles and blood samples were taken from all mice after 42 days of treatment. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione (GSH), mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E synthases), protein expression levels of NF-κB, and the mRNA expression levels of Hsps in the skeletal muscles of mice were examined. The results showed that GPX and GSH activities were decreased, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA levels of Hsps were increased by Se deficiency in mouse skeletal muscles. In the present study, the protective role of Se in oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and Hsps in the skeletal muscles of mice was summarized.

Selenium deficiency induces spleen pathological changes in pigs by decreasing selenoprotein expression, evoking oxidative stress, and activating inflammation and apoptosis

“…NF-κB is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that regulates expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and thus mediates inflammatory responses [ 49 ]. The increased expression of COX-2 and iNOS, important downstream regulatory genes in the NF-κB signaling pathway, promoted inflammation in the Se deficient spleen, similarly to the results of other studies [ 50 , 51 ]. HIF is a transcription factor that not only responds to hypoxia but also is activated by some non-hypoxic stimuli, including bacterial lipopolysaccharide, ROS, TNF-α, and IL-18 [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients

“…Selenium deficiency can be manifested by an increased incidence of retention of placenta, mastitis and spontaneous abortions . Furthermore, insufficiency in selenium lowers fertility and increases susceptibility to infections . Selenium deficiency inhibits immune cell differentiation and leads to cellular and humoral immune dysfunction .…”

“…Furthermore, insufficiency in selenium lowers fertility and increases susceptibility to infections . Selenium deficiency inhibits immune cell differentiation and leads to cellular and humoral immune dysfunction . Selenium influences immune responses by changing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and heat shock proteins, but the details are not completely elucidated …”

Selenomethionine Alleviates Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Mitochondrion-mediated Apoptosis in Mice 

“…Intake of Se can increase oxidative defense and alleviate oxidative stress 1,2 . It is known that Se has anti-in ammatory and antioxidant effects 3,4 . Se supplementation inhibited the activation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa -light chain enhancer (NF-κB) by increasing the expression of protein, and enhanced the mucosal immune function of the duodenum of chicks 5 .…”