Selenium-enriched Bacillus subtilis reduces the effects of mercury-induced on inflammation and intestinal microbes in carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis)

Abstract

in common carp. The common carp was exposed to Hg (0.03 mg/L), and 10 5 cfu/g Se-rich B. subtilis was added to the feed. After 30 days of feeding, samples were taken to evaluate the growth performance, serological response, inflammatory response, and intestinal microbial changes. In this study, when fish were exposed to Hg, the growth performance of the Se-rich B. subtilis plus 0.03 mg/L Hg fish group was lower than that of the control group and higher than 0.03 mg/L Hg; The levels of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and lysozyme (LZM) decreased, but after supplementation with Se-rich B. subtilis, the levels of LZM and IgM increased; Hg treatment significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB P65), but downregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (IkBα). However, compared with the Hg group, the Se-rich B. subtilis plus Hg group can significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and NF-κB P65, but reduce the regulation of IL-10, TGF-β, and IkBα expression. Through the analysis of the microbiological, we found that the Hg group was mainly composed of Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas hydrophila. However, in the Se-rich B. subtilis treatment group, we found that Aeromonas sobria was significantly less than the Hg group. Se-rich B. subtilis improves Hg-induced intestinal microbial changes, alleviates the abundance of Aeromonas, and alleviates Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects the health of humans and ecosystems. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for many organisms including humans. Bacillus subtilis is one of the main probiotics used in aquaculture, and has a certain adsorption effect on heavy metals. The interaction between Hg and Se was rigorously studied, especially due to the observation of the protective effect of Se on Hg toxicity. The objective of this study was to research the effects of Hg, Se, and B. subtilis on inflammation and intestinal microbes

Selenium Nanoparticle-Enriched and Potential Probiotic, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S14 Strain, a Diet Supplement Beneficial for Rainbow Trout

“…We have been unable to find studies pertaining the combined effect of L. plantarum and Se 0 Nps on lysozyme activity in vertebrates. However, Shang et al [ 135 ] reported a significantly higher activity of blood lysozyme in carps ( Cyprinus carpio var. specularis ) exposed to Hg for 30 days when their food was supplemented for 30 days with Se-enriched, not in the form of nanoparticles, probiotic Bacillus subtilis .…”

Advances in the Study of Selenium‐Enriched Probiotics: From the Inorganic Se into Se Nanoparticles

“…[ [19][20][21][22] Se-enriched Bacillus subtilis Carp Against oxidative stress and relieve the inflammatory response; reduce the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. [23,24] Se-enriched Bacillus subtilis yb-1114246 Chicken Alleviate the inflammatory response and improve the whole immune status. [14,25] Se-enriched Pediococcus acidilactici MRS7 Mice Regulate oxidative stress and inflammatory factors; maintain mucosal barriers; promote the expression of TJ protein.…”

“…[56,57] On the one hand, Se-enriched probiotics eliminate the inflammatory response by upregulating IL-10, preventing the decrease of transforming growth factor-𝛽, increasing the expression of inhibitor of NF-𝜅B and decreasing the corresponding NF-𝜅B p65 expression. [24,58,59] On the other hand, Seenriched probiotics greatly improve immunity by enhancing the T lymphocyte-surface receptor activity and transformation ability to mitogen, which may be related to the expression of IL-2, an important influencing factor for T cell proliferation. Se-enriched probiotics were initially recognized as Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the ileal mucous membrane that was subsequently presented to myeloid differentiation factor 88, which stimulated the NF-𝜅B1 signaling pathway to increase the expression of beta defensin-1 that plays a pivotal role in mucosal immunity, especially protection against intestinal infection.…”

Effect of arsenic stress on the intestinal structural integrity and intestinal flora abundance of Cyprinus carpio

“…Recent findings have indicated that environmental pollutants, such as antibiotics, heavy metals, and industrial wastewater, can affect the composition of the intestinal flora, lead to physiological dysfunction, and even cause certain diseases ( Jin et al, 2017 ; Miao et al, 2022 ). Exposure to mercury increases the levels of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria in the carp intestine and thus affects the intestinal health and increases the levels of pathogenic bacteria ( Shang et al, 2022 ). Therefore, it is particularly important to maintain a healthy intestinal flora.…”