Selenium-Enriched Cardamine violifolia Increases Selenium and Decreases Cholesterol Concentrations in Liver and Pectoral Muscle of Broilers

Abstract

Background Superanutriton of selenium (Se) in an effort to produce Se-enriched meat may inadvertently cause lipid accumulation. Se-enriched Cardamine violifolia (SeCv) contains over 80% of Se in organic forms. Objective This study was to determine whether feeding chickens a high dose of SeCv could produce Se-biofortified muscle without altering their lipid metabolism. Methods Day-old male broilers were allocated to 4 groups (6 cages/group and 6 chicks/cage), and were fed either a corn-soy base diet (BD, 0.13–0.15 mg Se/kg), the BD plus 0.5 mg Se/kg as sodium selenite (SeNa) or as SeCv, or the BD plus a low-Se Cardamine violifolia (Cv, 0.21 mg Se/kg). At week 6, concentrations of Se and lipid and expression of selenoprotein and lipid metabolism-related genes were determined in the pectoral muscle and liver. Results The 4 diets showed no effects on growth performance of broilers. Compared with the other 3 diets, SeCv elevated (P < 0.05) Se concentrations in the pectoral muscle and liver by 14.4 to 127%, and decreased (P < 0.05) total cholesterol concentrations by 12.5 to 46.7%, and(or) triglyceride concentrations by 28.8 to 31.1% in the pectoral muscle and(or) liver, respectively. Meanwhile, SeCv enhanced (P < 0.05) muscular α-linolenic acid (80.0%) and hepatic arachidonic acid (58.3%) concentrations compared with SeNa and BD, respectively. SeCv downregulated (P < 0.05) the cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis-related proteins (SREBF2 and DGAT2) and upregulated (P < 0.05) hydrolysis and β-oxidation of fatty acid-related proteins (LPL, FABP1, and CPT1A), SELENOP1 and TXRND activity in the pectoral muscle and(or) liver compared with SeNa. Conclusions Compared with SeNa, SeCv effectively raised Se and reduced lipids in the liver and muscle of broilers. The effect was mediated through the regulation of the cholesterol and triglyceride biosynthesis and utilization-related genes.

Different Dietary Sources of Selenium Alleviate Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder of Heat-Stressed Broilers by Relieving Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

“…Therefore, the increased concentration of TG and TC in the livers of broilers exposed to HS may be due to abnormal lipid metabolism. A previous study reported that Se supplementation affects liver lipid metabolism and decreases cholesterol concentration in the livers of broilers [20]. In our study, all of the supplemented four Se sources consistently reduced liver TC levels, indicating that Se supplementation contributes to the improvement of lipid metabolism disorders in the livers of broilers exposed to HS.…”

“…At present, 24 selenoproteins have been identified in poultry [19]. Studies suggest that dietary Se supplementation is involved in hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of selenoproteins [20][21][22]. Evidence indicates that ER resident selenoproteins contribute to the maintenance of ER homeostasis [23].…”

Estimation of Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Layer Chicks Depending on Dynamic Model

“…Also, mortality was recorded throughout the trial [ 22 ]. Two birds with a close average body weight were selected from each replicate to be weighed and euthanized weekly [ 23 ]. The carcasses and feathers were separated, weighed, and collected to determine the protein deposition and amino acid pattern.…”

Impacts of Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles from Spirulina platensis on Growth Performance, Physio-Biochemical Components and Alleviating Effect against Cadmium Toxicity in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Selenium is considered an essential micronutrient that should be supplied in aquafeed for optimal growth and physiological function [7]. Selenium deficiency can induce multiple tissue damage with dysregulation of immune and redox homeostasis under heat stress [8]. Using nanoparticles in fish feed formulations has recently gained considerable attention because it offers unique methods for increasing bioavailability, safety, and absorption in aquaculture [9].…”