“…TNFα and its receptor are capable of inducing necroptosis directly. Previous study indicated that the mRNA expression and protein levels of RIPK1, RIPK3, mixed lineage kinase domain-like ( MLKL ) (necroptosis indicator) increased after LPS challenge in the liver of piglets ( Wang et al, 2023 ) and chicken ( Zhirong, et al, 2021 ). One study showed that quercetin alleviated the mRNA expression and protein levels of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL induced by Cadmium in the chicken brain ( Liu, et al, 2021 ).…”