Selenium intake, age, gender, and smoking in relation to indices of selenium status of adults residing in a seleniferous area

Swanson, Christine A.; Longnecker, Matthew P.; Veillon, Claude; Howe, M; Levander, Orville A.; Taylor, Philip R.; McAdam, P A; Brown, Charles; Stampfer, Meir J.; Willett, Walter C.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/52.5.858

Cited by 115 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our finding that current smokers have lower selenium levels than never-smokers is consistent with previous studies (Hunter et al, 1990;Swanson et al, 1990;van den Brandt et al, 1993). However, smoking was not associated with risk in this study population and additional adjustment for smoking made no appreciable difference to the association between selenium concentration and cancer risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This is in contrast to the results of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial that found selenium supplementation to be associated with a significant reduction in prostate cancer risk (Clark et al, 1996;Duffield-Lillico et al, 2002). Several prospective studies have also found significant protective associations for serum or nail selenium levels in relation to prostate cancer (Yoshizawa et al, 1998;Helzlsouer et al, 2000;Nomura et al, 2000;Brooks et al, 2001;van den Brandt et al, 2003). However, consistent with the findings from the present study, some other observational studies have failed to find such an association Coates et al, 1988;Knekt et al, 1990;Hardell et al, 1995;Ghadirian et al, 2000;Goodman et al, 2001;Vogt et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Although previous studies have assessed the selenium content in toe nails, which is 9 -15% lower than that of fingernails (Baskett et al, 1995), selenium concentrations in these British men are still somewhat lower than those reported in North American populations (Yoshizawa et al, 1998;Ghadirian et al, 2000;Helzlsouer et al, 2000) and are comparable with other European populations (Kardinaal et al, 1997;van den Brandt et al, 2003). It is well established that the selenium content of European soils is low and that dietary intake has been gradually declining due to a reduction in imported selenium-rich wheat from the US and Canada, together with a general decline in cereal consumption (Rayman, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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A case–control study of selenium in nails and prostate cancer risk in British men

et al. 2004

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In view of the experimental evidence suggesting that the micronutrient selenium reduces prostate cancer risk, we investigated the association between the selenium level in fingernails, a measure of long-term selenium intake, and prostate cancer risk in a case -control study among 656 British men, conducted in 1989British men, conducted in -1992. Nail clippings were taken at the time of recruitment and selenium concentration, measured using neutron activation techniques, was successfully assayed for 300 case -control pairs and varied six-fold among the controls (0.59 p.p.m.; interquartile range, 0.50 -0.71 p.p.m.). Nail selenium concentration was not significantly associated with prostate cancer risk: men in the highest quartile of nail selenium had a slightly increased risk compared with men in the lowest quartile (OR 1.24, 95 CI, 0.73 -2.10); for advanced prostate cancer, men in the highest quartile had a slightly reduced risk compared with men in the lowest quartile (OR 0.78, 95% CI, Selenium is an essential trace element found largely in grains, fish and meat products and has been shown to have antioxidant and other potentially anticarcinogenic properties (Combs and Gray, 1998). Experimental evidence indicates that selenium supplementation can reduce the incidence of viral and chemically induced tumours in animals (Vernie, 1984), including prostate cancer cell lines (Menter et al, 2000).The selenium content in foods varies widely between regions (Levander, 1987) because it is largely determined by the amount of selenium in the soil. Ecological data suggest that regional cancer mortality rates in the United States are inversely correlated with the selenium concentration in plants (Clark et al, 1991), and a randomised controlled trial among skin cancer patients found selenium supplementation of 200 mg day À1 to be associated with a significant 63% reduction in prostate cancer incidence (Clark et al, 1996;Duffield-Lillico et al, 2002). However, little is known about the relationship between the selenium status and prostate cancer risk in the general population.The aim of this study is to investigate the association between nail selenium concentration, a marker of long-term intake, and prostate cancer risk. A subsidiary aim is to examine whether factors that may influence selenium status, such as smoking (Hunter et al, 1990), vitamin E intake (Diplock, 1978) or the aggressiveness of disease at the time of recruitment (Yoshizawa et al, 1998;Goodman et al, 2001) modify the association between selenium concentration and prostate cancer risk. SUBJECTS AND METHODSA population-based case -control study of the association between diet and prostate cancer was established in Britain, between 1989 and 1992, and included 328 men with incident prostate cancer and 328 population-based controls (Key et al, 1997). The study was restricted to white men under the age of 75 years who could speak English and who were well enough to complete a diet interview and give a reasonable history. Identification of cases was by searching a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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A case–control study of selenium in nails and prostate cancer risk in British men

et al. 2004

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“…Similarly, Lane et al (1983) failed to ®nd a statistically signi®cant correlation between these variables and Snook et al (1983) only reported a weak correlation. However, Swanson et al (1990) demonstrated a highly signi®cant relationship (r 0.51) between dietary Se, measured by direct analysis, and serum Se. The population studied had a relatively wide range of Se intakes which would increase the chance of obtaining a signi®cant correlation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…While smoking has been associated with reduced Se status (Hunter, 1990;Swanson et al, 1990) the results of studies are equivocal (Lloyd et al, 1983;Robinson et al, 1983;Olivieri et al, 1984). In this study, reported Se intake was similar in smokers and non-smokers for both sexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium status of a group of Scottish adults

Shortt¹,

Duthie²,

Robertson³

et al. 1997

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To examine dietary selenium intake and indices of selenium status (plasma and red blood cell selenium and glutathione peroxidase activities) in apparently healthy Scottish individuals. Design and subjects: One hundred subjects, aged between 40 and 60 y, completed a seven day weighed food intake and provided blood samples for selenium status analysis. Setting: Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Results: Average reported selenium intake was low (43 mg/d). A signi®cant number of subjects had reported intakes below the RNI. Low levels of plasma selenium were also found but no subject had values below 40 mg/l. Red blood cell selenium was within the reference range established for a healthy UK population. Smoking status had no consistent effect on selenium status. Conclusions:The results of the present study suggest that selenium status of certain Scottish individuals may be compromised and that further studies are warranted.

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