Self-Assembled Modified Soy Protein/Dextran Nanogel Induced by Ultrasonication as a Delivery Vehicle for Riboflavin

Abstract

A simple and green approach was developed to produce a novel nanogel via self-assembly of modified soy protein and dextran, to efficiently deliver riboflavin. First, modified soy protein was prepared by heating denaturation at 60˝C for 30 min or Alcalase hydrolysis for 40 min. Second, modified soy protein was mixed with dextran and ultrasonicated for 70 min so as to assemble nanogels. The modified soy protein-dextran nanogels were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ζ-potential studies to confirm the formation of NGs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the NGs to be spherical with core-shell structures, in the range of 32-40 nm size. The nanogels were stable against various environmental conditions. Furthermore, the particle size of the nanogels hardly changed with the incorporation of riboflavin. The encapsulation efficiency of nanogels was found to be up to 65.9% at a riboflavin concentration of 250 µg/mL. The nanogels exhibited a faster release in simulated intestine fluid (SIF) compared with simulated gastric fluid (SGF). From the results obtained it can be concluded that modified soy protein-dextran nanogels can be considered a promising carrier for drugs and other bioactive molecule delivery purposes.

Riboflavin: The Health Benefits of a Forgotten Natural Vitamin

“…In addition, the stability of alginate-chitosan was measured over a five-month period at 4 • C in solution. Demonstrating a simple coprecipitation method of albumin submicron particles with good biocompatibility 900 ± 1000 nm [116] Jin et al [113] encapsulated RF using modified soy protein/dextran with the range of 143.3 nm size. The EE% and LC values of nanogels were up to 65.9% and up to 12%, respectively.…”

Preparation of Hydrochlorothiazide Nanoparticles for Solubility Enhancement

“…Water soluble, biodegradable, biocompatible and nontoxic carboxymethyl dextran has been widely used as a stabilizer and a nanocarrier for drug delivery [29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]. Based on the experiments, it can be stated that carboxymethyl dextran sodium salt can be considered as a versatile stabilizer for a variety of drugs from classes II–IV of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, for example, lipophilic steroids [24], highly hydrophilic risedronate sodium [18], basic cimetidine [37], acid candesartan cilexetil and calcium salt of atorvastatin [25].…”

“…In general, it provided stable NP samples with narrow particle size distribution in concentrations of 3% and 5% in dichloromethane rather than in acetone [17,24,25,37]. This may be connected with properties of non-polar dichloromethane (with dipole moment 1.60 D in contrast to polar aprotic acetone with dipole moment 2.88 D [38]) and hydrophilic charged polymeric carboxymethyl dextran sodium salt and their (non)bonding interactions with used molecules of drugs [30,31,32,33,34]. Despite its toxicity, dichloromethane has been one of the most widely used solvents of drugs of intrinsic emulsified phase [29,39] dispersed in aqueous solution of carboxymethyl dextran sodium salt.…”

Nanoscale Self-Assembly for Therapeutic Delivery

“…The anticancer drug, doxorubicin, was efficiently entrapped in these particles and exhibited targeted drug delivery in vitro with enhanced antitumor activity in 4T1 subcutaneous tumor bearing mouse model (Tang et al, 2018). The modified soy-protein and dextran nanogels have been used for the delivery of riboflavin (Jin et al, 2016).…”