Self-consistent calculation of dephasing in quantum cascade structures within a density matrix method

Freeman, Will

doi:10.1103/physrevb.93.205301

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…(7). 46 While Ando's derivation of Eq. (7) explicitly excludes effects due to electron-electron interactions, 67 it could be theoretically shown that for transitions between parabolic subbands with identical effective masses, the lineshape is barely affected by electron-electron interactions beyond intersubband electron-electron collisions.…”

Section: B Modeling Of Dephasing Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…43,44 Furthermore, the DM formalism has been combined with EMC to describe the incoherent tunneling transport across thick injection barriers. 22,[45][46][47] This hybrid approach overcomes the main weakness of semiclassical transport simulations, which treat the carrier transport through a barrier as instantaneous since electrons scattered into states extending over the barrier see no resistance. 22 For biases where narrow anticrossings occur, this can result in excessive current spikes, indicating the breakdown of the semiclassical description.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 In this paper, we extend EMC to include incoherent tunneling transport, building upon the pioneering work of Callebaut and Hu. 22 As in previous related approaches, 22,[45][46][47] we use localized basis states to describe the incoherent tunneling mechanism. However, here this effect is not considered by solving the von Neumann and the Boltzmann transport equations in parallel, but rather directly built into EMC as an additional "scattering-like" mechanism derived from the DM formalism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Density matrix Monte Carlo modeling of quantum cascade lasers

Jirauschek

2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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By including elements of the density matrix formalism, the semiclassical ensemble Monte Carlo method for carrier transport is extended to incorporate incoherent tunneling, known to play an important role in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). In particular, this effect dominates electron transport across thick injection barriers, which are frequently used in terahertz QCL designs. A self-consistent model for quantum mechanical dephasing is implemented, eliminating the need for empirical simulation parameters. Our modeling approach is validated against available experimental data for different types of terahertz QCL designs.Comment: Copyright 2017 AIP Publishing. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishin

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Section: B Modeling Of Dephasing Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Density matrix Monte Carlo modeling of quantum cascade lasers

Jirauschek

2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Thus, this classification might also be helpful for determining the corresponding dissipative rates based on compact models or by comparison to experimental data. [91,100,101] Consequently, for a given system, a criterion for a convenient choice of basis states might be that the dissipation channels can reasonably well be described in terms of incoherent transitions and pure dephasing, which, for example, motivates the frequent use of localized states to describe tunneling transport through thick barriers.…”

Section: General Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This especially matters if the ratio ρ 0 ii,k /ρ 0 j j,k has a strong k dependence, as is the case for significantly different subband electron temperatures or highly nonthermal distributions. [322] Often, an average over the population inversion of the involved subbands is applied, [101,324]…”

Section: Quantum Well Intersubband Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optoelectronic Device Simulations Based on Macroscopic Maxwell–Bloch Equations

Jirauschek

Riesch

Tzenov

2019

Advcd Theory and Sims

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Due to their intuitiveness, flexibility, and relative numerical efficiency, the macroscopic Maxwell-Bloch (MB) equations are a widely used semiclassical and semi-phenomenological model to describe optical propagation and coherent light-matter interaction in media consisting of discrete-level quantum systems. This review focuses on the application of this model to advanced optoelectronic devices, such as quantum cascade and quantum dot lasers. The Bloch equations are here treated as a density matrix model for driven quantum systems with two or multiple discrete energy levels, where dissipation is included by Lindblad terms. Furthermore, the 1D MB equations for semiconductor waveguide structures and optical fibers are rigorously derived. Special analytical solutions and suitable numerical methods are presented. Due to the importance of the MB equations in computational electrodynamics, an emphasis is placed on the comparison of different numerical schemes, both with and without the rotating wave approximation. The implementation of additional effects which can become relevant in semiconductor structures, such as spatial hole burning, inhomogeneous broadening, and local-field corrections, is discussed. Finally, links to microscopic models and suitable extensions of the Lindblad formalism are briefly addressed. of a lower bandgap material than the adjacent layers, which restricts the free electron motion in that layer to the in-plane directions and gives rise to quantized energy states in growth direction. As a consequence of the further restriction of the energy spectrum and the even stronger carrier localization, additional improvement can be expected from 2D or 3D confinement, resulting in quantum wire/dash and quantum dot (QD) structures, respectively. Indeed, QD [1][2][3] and quantum dash [4] lasers and laser amplifiers have been shown to exhibit excellent characteristics. In Figure 1, the formation of quantized states in quantum wells, wires, and dots is schematically illustrated. The term quantum dash refers to an elongated nanostructure, that is, some kind of short quantum wire. By contrast, the term nanowire does not necessarily indicate strong quantum confinement. For example, in nanowire lasers, the nanowire geometry typically serves as a single-mode optical waveguide resonator, while the active region is based on a heterostructure or quantum well, as in a conventional laser diode. [5,6] Semiconductor optoelectronic devices usually rely on electron-hole recombination, that is, optical transitions between conduction and valence band states. The associated resonance wavelength is largely determined by the semiconductor bandgap, which establishes a lower bound on the transition energy. Thus, the coverage of a certain spectral region depends on the existence of suitable semiconductor materials, which for example restricts the availability of practical optoelectronic sources and detectors in the mid-infrared and terahertz regions. An alternative concept is based on intersubband devices, which employ so-called i...

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Self-consistent simulations of quantum cascade laser structures for frequency comb generation

Jirauschek

Tzenov

2017

Opt Quant Electron

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Self-consistent calculation of dephasing in quantum cascade structures within a density matrix method

Cited by 13 publications

References 86 publications

Density matrix Monte Carlo modeling of quantum cascade lasers

Density matrix Monte Carlo modeling of quantum cascade lasers

Optoelectronic Device Simulations Based on Macroscopic Maxwell–Bloch Equations

Self-consistent simulations of quantum cascade laser structures for frequency comb generation

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